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Name: KEY Period: Date: Topic #1: Relationships among Organisms 1. One of the ways organisms interact is to try to get the same resources as another organism. When two different organisms are trying to get the same resource, what type of interaction is that? competition 2. Give an example of the type of relationship described in question #1. there are many different possibilities: vines in a rainforest compete for sunlight, lions and hyenas compete for food in a grassland, Siamese fighting fish compete over territory… 3. Another type of interaction occurs when one organism kills and eats another. What type of interaction is that? predation 4. Give an example of the type of relationship described in question #2: there are many different possibilities: snake eating a mouse, shark eating a fish, sea otter eating a sea urchin… 5. Other organisms live very closely associated with each other. This is called a ______________________ symbiotic relationship and sometimes organisms are helped but other times they are not. 6. The three types of symbiotic relationships are: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism 7. Fill in the table below: Type of Symbiotic Relationship Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Organism #1 (helped, harmed, neither) Helped Helped Helped Organisms #2 (helped, harmed, neither) Helped Neither Harmed 8. For each of the scenarios below, describe what type of symbiotic relationship occurs: a. Oxpecker and zebras: Oxpeckers are a type of small bird that land on zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on the zebra’s skin. The oxpeckers get food and the zebras get pest control. Oxpecker: harmed not harmed/not helped helped Zebra: helped harmed not harmed/not helped mutualism Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ b. Tapeworm and animals: Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. Tapeworms get food by eating the host's (animal) partly digested food, depriving the host (animal) of nutrients. Tapeworm: harmed not harmed/not helped helped Animals: helped harmed not harmed/not helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ parasitism c. Spider crab and algae: Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor, and greenish-brown algae lives on the crabs' backs, making the crabs blend in with their environment, and unnoticeable to predators. The algae get a good place to live, and the crab gets camouflage. Spider Crab: harmed not harmed/not helped helped helped Algae: harmed not harmed/not helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ mutualism d. Grouper and the wrasse: Grouper are large fish that live in the ocean and wrasse are small fish that make their niche by picking off the parasites that suck the blood of the grouper. Groupers swim to coral reefs and let the wrasse nibble around their mouth and gills to get the parasites. The grouper makes no attempt to prey on the wrasse. Grouper: helped harmed not harmed/not helped Wrasse: harmed not harmed/not helped helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ mutualism e. Bee and the flower: Bees fly from flower to flower-gathering nectar, which they make into food. When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant. helped Bee: harmed not harmed/not helped Flower: harmed not harmed/not helped helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ mutualism f. Bacteria and the human colon: Bacteria live in the colon of humans and are able to feed off the indigestible food that the human body cannot break down (cellulose of plants). In the process of breaking down the food, the bacteria also make much-needed vitamins that the human body in turn can use to keep healthy. Bacteria: harmed not harmed/not helped helped helped Human: harmed not harmed/not helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ mutualism g. Dog and the tick: Ticks live on dogs and feed off the dog’s blood. They may also infect the dog with a parasite that can cause the dog to become quite sick. Dogs also are sometimes found to be very tired because a large volume of their blood has been drained. Dog: helped harmed not harmed/not helped helped Tick: harmed not harmed/not helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ parasitism h. Barnacle and the whale: Barnacles are invertebrates that are free-swimming as larvae, but attach to objects as they grow into adults. Sometimes they attach themselves to living organisms like whales. The barnacles attached to a whale benefit from being moved through the water, which allows them to catch more food. The whale does not notice the barnacles that are attached to it. helped Barnacle: harmed not harmed/not helped Whale: helped harmed not harmed/not helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ commensalism i. Coral and Zooxanthellae: Corals are animals that live in clear, shallow water. The bright color of many corals is due to the presence of tiny algae called zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae are able to live inside the coral, protected by the stinging tentacles. The coral, on the other hand, absorbs glucose made by the algae through photosynthesis. helped Coral: harmed not harmed/not helped Zooxanthellae: harmed not harmed/not helped helped Symbiotic Relationship: _____________________________ mutualism