Download Communication Though Nonverbal Behavior

Communication Though Nonverbal Behavior
 Def.- bodily actions and vocal qualities that typically
accompany a verbal message. They are usually
interpreted as intentional and have agreed upon
meanings within a given speech culture or community.
 Is continuous.
 Is multi-channeled.
 Can be intentional or unintentional.
 Meaning can be ambiguous.
 Is he primary conveyor of our emotions.
 Kinesics- the interpretation of body motions used in
communication.
 Gestures-movements of our hands, arms, and fingers
that we use to describe or to emphasize.
 Illustrators- gestures that augment a verbal message.
 Emblems- gestures that substitute for words.
 Adaptors- gestures that respond to a physical need.
 Eye Contact- how and how much we look at people with
whom we are communicating.
 Facial Expression- the arrangement of facial muscles to
communicate emotional states or reactions to messages.
 Emoticons- typed symbols that convey emotional
aspects of an online message. [ex.- :) ]
 Posture- the position and movement of the body; body
orientation; posture in relation to another person.
 Haptics- the interpretation of touch.
 Reaction to touch is affected by individual preference,
family background, and culture.
 Reaction to touch differs within context (public versus
private).
 Def.- the interpretation of the message based on
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paralinguistic features; paralanguage is the voiced but not
verbal part of a spoken message.
Pitch- the highness or lowness of vocal tone.
Volume- the loudness or softness of tone.
Rate- the speed at which a person speaks.
Quality- the sound of a person’s voice.
Intonation- the variety, melody, or inflection in one’s voice.
Vocalized pauses- extraneous sounds or words that
interrupt fluent speech. (ex. – Uh, You know, So)
 Def.- the interpretation of one’s use of personal space.
 Personal space- the distance you try to maintain when
you interact with other people.
 Physical space- the part of the physical environment
over which you exert control.
 Artifacts- objects and possessions we use to decorate
the physical space we control.
 Physical Appearance Endomorph- Round and Heavy Body Type
 Mesomorph- Muscular and Athletic Body Type
 Ectomorph- Tall and Thin Body Type
 Clothing and personal grooming- physical appearance
sends a message and one should adapt their style of
clothing and personal grooming techniques to the
setting.
 Def.- the way others interpret your use of time.
 Monochronic Time Orientation- a time orientation that
emphasizes doing one thing at a time, adheres to
schedules and rigid appointment times, and schedules
interpersonal relationships.
 Polychronic Time Orientation- a time orientation that
emphasizes doing multiple things at once, views
schedules as flexible, an subordinates scheduled
activities to interpersonal relationships.
 Kinesics Eye contact is not universally appropriate and differs in
cultures and subcultures.
 Facial expressions and gestures- There are many
similarities in facial expressions across cultures, but
gestures differ across cultures.
 Displays of emotion differ based on culture and gender;
gesture style is often used to label masculinity or
femininity.
 Haptics Touch is closely linked to culture.
 Meaning of touch differs by gender.
 Some cultures contact, where others restrict it.
 Paralanguage Volume varies greatly by culture.
 United States stereotypes masculine voices as low
pitched and loud, and feminine voices and high pitched
and expressive.
 Proxemics Differ between individualistic and collectivist societies.
 Artifacts and Personal Appearance Culture and gender influence clothing choices.
 Chronemics The dominant U.S. culture has a monochromatic time
orientation, while many Latin American and Arab
cultures have polychronic orientation.
 Interpreting Nonverbal Messages Don’t automatically assume a particular behavior means
something specific.
 Consider cultural, gender, and individual influences on
behavior when interpreting nonverbal cues.
 Nonverbal messages should be interpreted in context.
 Use perception checking.
 Sending Nonverbal Messages
 Be conscious of your own nonverbal behavior.
 Be purposeful in your use of nonverbal communication.
 Don’t let your nonverbal cues distract from your
message.
 Make sure your nonverbal cues match your verbal
communication.
 Adapt nonverbal behavior to the situation.