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ISLAM - “to submit” “There is no god but Allah: Muhammad is the prophet of Allah” http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=43342 Muhammad “The Prophet” born @ 570 CE in Mecca raised by an Uncle – Hermit: spent time in solitude – – Quraish clan prayed in mtn caves Angel Gabriel appeared to him “RECITE” became QURAN Ramadan was t/month that Quran was recited to Mu. Khadija – – – 1st convert to Islam Muhammad’s 1st wife merchant HEJIRA 622 CE first year of Muslim Calendar migration of Mu. & Muslims fm Mecca to Medina Yathrib changed to Medina (City o/t Prophet) – 2nd holiest site in Islam 630 CE: war w/ Meccans – captures Mecca dedicates KA’ABA to Allah smashes all idols holiest site in Islam Muhammad’s Miracles Heart cleansed with snow by two angels ascension to heaven: – Dome o/t Rock 1500 Muslims drank water from one vessel from Mu’s hand FIVE PILLARS of ISLAM Proclamation of Faith Prayer five times a day – Alms (charity) to the poor & aged Fasting during Ramadan – – – facing Mecca Gabriel spoke to Mu month of Hejira no food/water btwn sunrise & sunset Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca ONCE in a lifetime The QURAN Muslim holy book – exact word of Allah as revealed to Mu. by Angel Gabriel – sits at the right hand of Allah God becomes the Word authority on religion, politics, law, economics & social life forbidden to translate from Arabic link btwn all Muslims Quranic teachings “people of the book” – Jews & Christians – treat w/ tolerance be merciful & compassionate repeat 1st Pillar three times in front of male Muslim to become a Muslim “I divorce you” x3 Paradise or Hell (Judgment Day) Hadith: traditional sayings o/t prophet Inshallah (the will of God) – – Belief in predestination God controls all that happens Golden Age of Islam (1st four Caliphs: successors to the Prophet) Abu-Bakr (632-634 CE) Umar (634-644) – – – – Ridda Wars captured Baghdad & Jerusalem most of Persia conquered murdered by Persian slave Uthman (644-656) – – Mu’s father-in-law – Ayesha united all Arab tribes captured Egypt & N. Africa assassinated by fellow Muslims Ali (656-661) – – Mu’s son-in-law (Fatima) assassinated by own people EXPANSION OF ISLAM Arab armies united by their belief in Islam Muslim warriors who died in combat won a place in paradise – lure of riches (booty) tolerant conquerors – Jihad special non-believers tax Commerce spread Islamic Sects (divisions) Sunni Muslims – – – Shi’ites (Shiah) – – – – any devout male Muslim can be Caliph high moral character majority only descendents of Ali can be Caliph 12th Imam will return on Judgement Day only Imams can guide Muslims to salvation minority (except Iran & Iraq) Sufism: mystical Islam Islamic Art Mosques What is a muezzin? What is a minaret? Islamic Customs and Laws Follow strict dietary laws– HALAL - name of Allah must be mentioned while animal is slaughtered – – Can’t eat pork Can’t drink alcohol No gambling Can’t kill animals for sport Strict punishments for crimes- In some strongly Muslim countries there’s little difference between religious laws and country laws. (i.e. Shari’ah) 99 names for God/Allah: http://www.islamicity.com/Mosque/99names.htm How to pray: http://muslim-canada.org/salaat.html Women in Islam Men & women are spiritual equals Hijab shows Muslim identity – – recognize intelligence, not sexuality seen as feminine Sunnah 4:3: Hadith: If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two or three or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly, then marry only one. “seeking knowledge is mandatory for all Muslims” The Islamic (Arab) Empires Umayyad Dynasty (661750 CE) – – Damascus is capital emphasized Arab culture Arabic main language gov’t jobs went to Arabs Abbassid Dynasty (7501258 CE) – – – – Baghdad (God given) is capital more than 1 million ppl Muslim more important than being Arab built libraries, hospitals, irrigation, mosques, schools