Download AP Emergence of Islam

Pre-Islam Arabia
What was this region like?
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Population:
Sparse
Gender Structure:
Patriarchal
Cities were centered around…
trade and religion
What role did Mecca play in this region?
• Commercial center
– many of the goods in the region moved through this
city
• Religious Center
– Ka’ba
– Center of an polytheistic religion
– Site of annual pilgrimage during which warfare was
suspended
• Religion and trade made some people very rich
– Quraysh tribe
• Settled city and dominated religiously and politically
Who was Muhammad?
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Born 570
Orphaned at age 2 and raised by uncle Abu Talib
As a young man, worked in caravan trade
Married a wealthy Widow
– Khadijah
– With her supporting him, he could spend much of his time
meditating
– Lived an ordinary life until
• “The Night of Power”
– The angel Gabriel came to see him and Allah speaks to him through
Gabriel.
– Muhammad memorizes what will later become the suras of the Koran
• Many wives, four daughters
Muhammad vs. the Quraysh
• Why do they not like Muhammad?
– He is a threat to their status
• As a result of their disdain for him, what happens?
– The Hijra – 622 CE Muhammad and his followers to
Medina because of Quraysh threat
– 622 – 632 Known as the Medina Years
• What happens in 630?
– Muhammad and his 1000s followers to Mecca to retake
city
• Converts gained along the way
– Makes Ka’ba a monotheistic center
– Overtime, many Arab people convert to Islam
– Some people convert out of faith and some convert out
of seeing that Muhammad will “win”
• 632 – Muhammad dies
The Clash Commences
• Following Muhammad’s death, who is the clear
successor?
– No one
– People disagree as to who should lead
• Who are the possible leaders to follow?
– Ali – Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law
– Quraysh tribe – some feel they should be in power
because they had it before
– Abu Bakr – one of the 1st followers, suffered along with
Muhammad
• Abu Bakr emerges
5 Pil ars of Islam
5 pillars of Islam
Shahadah
Salat
Saum
Hajj
Zakat
Profession of Faith
Prayer
Observance of Ramadan
Pilgrimage
Alms Giving
2.5%
1 god Allah &
Muhammad is his prophet
5 times a day
Fast of 1 month
Sunup to sundown
To Mecca
Set percentage of income
(Monotheism)
Face Mecca/Ka'ba
Suspension of violence,
sex, drinking of alcohol...
At least once in life
(if you can afford it)
What’s in a Name?
The difference between Islam and Muslim
• Islam
• The name of the
Religion
• Good Usage
– Muhammad founded
Islam
• Bad Usage
– He is an Islam
• Muslim
• A follower of the
religion or a part of
the religion of Islam
• Good Usage
– He established a
Muslim empire
• Bad Usage
– Muhammad founded
Muslim