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Download AP Emergence of Islam
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Pre-Islam Arabia What was this region like? • • • • Population: Sparse Gender Structure: Patriarchal Cities were centered around… trade and religion What role did Mecca play in this region? • Commercial center – many of the goods in the region moved through this city • Religious Center – Ka’ba – Center of an polytheistic religion – Site of annual pilgrimage during which warfare was suspended • Religion and trade made some people very rich – Quraysh tribe • Settled city and dominated religiously and politically Who was Muhammad? • • • • Born 570 Orphaned at age 2 and raised by uncle Abu Talib As a young man, worked in caravan trade Married a wealthy Widow – Khadijah – With her supporting him, he could spend much of his time meditating – Lived an ordinary life until • “The Night of Power” – The angel Gabriel came to see him and Allah speaks to him through Gabriel. – Muhammad memorizes what will later become the suras of the Koran • Many wives, four daughters Muhammad vs. the Quraysh • Why do they not like Muhammad? – He is a threat to their status • As a result of their disdain for him, what happens? – The Hijra – 622 CE Muhammad and his followers to Medina because of Quraysh threat – 622 – 632 Known as the Medina Years • What happens in 630? – Muhammad and his 1000s followers to Mecca to retake city • Converts gained along the way – Makes Ka’ba a monotheistic center – Overtime, many Arab people convert to Islam – Some people convert out of faith and some convert out of seeing that Muhammad will “win” • 632 – Muhammad dies The Clash Commences • Following Muhammad’s death, who is the clear successor? – No one – People disagree as to who should lead • Who are the possible leaders to follow? – Ali – Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law – Quraysh tribe – some feel they should be in power because they had it before – Abu Bakr – one of the 1st followers, suffered along with Muhammad • Abu Bakr emerges 5 Pil ars of Islam 5 pillars of Islam Shahadah Salat Saum Hajj Zakat Profession of Faith Prayer Observance of Ramadan Pilgrimage Alms Giving 2.5% 1 god Allah & Muhammad is his prophet 5 times a day Fast of 1 month Sunup to sundown To Mecca Set percentage of income (Monotheism) Face Mecca/Ka'ba Suspension of violence, sex, drinking of alcohol... At least once in life (if you can afford it) What’s in a Name? The difference between Islam and Muslim • Islam • The name of the Religion • Good Usage – Muhammad founded Islam • Bad Usage – He is an Islam • Muslim • A follower of the religion or a part of the religion of Islam • Good Usage – He established a Muslim empire • Bad Usage – Muhammad founded Muslim