Download The Prophet Muhammad

The Prophet Muhammad
EQ: How did Islam originate and
spread?
Ch. 8 The Prophet Muhammad
Visual Vocabulary
1. Islam
• The religious faith of
Muslims; believe
Muhammad is a prophet of
Allah (God)
2. Prophet
• A person who speaks or
interprets for God to another
person.
Ch. 8 The Prophet Muhammad
Visual Vocabulary
3. Muslims
• A follower of the Islamic
faith
4. Polytheism
• The belief that there is more
than one God.
Ch. 8 The Prophet Muhammad
Visual Vocabulary
5. Monotheism
• The belief in a single God.
6. Madinah
• Also known as the “City of
the Prophet”. It was here
that Muhammad developed
a new Muslim community
and they pledged their
protection.
Ch. 8 The Prophet Muhammad
Visual Vocabulary
7. Caliph
• A title taken by Muslim
rulers who claimed religious
authority to rule.
8. Umayyad Dynasty
• A line of rulers descended
from the Umayyad family
line. They ruled for close to
100 years.
The Prophet Muhammad
EQ: How did Islam originate and
spread?
Arabia During Muhammad’s
Time
• Muhammad is born in
Makkah
• The city of Makkah was
located at the crossroads
of two heavily-traveled
trade routes.
• Most Arabs were
polytheists.
Arabia During Muhammad’s Time
(continued)
• The nomadic families
of Arabia often
joined together to
form clans and tribes
headed by a shaikh.
• In Makkah was a
cube-shaped shrine
(Ka’ba) where idols
were placed over
time.
Muhammad’s Early Life
• 570, Muhammad is born
in Makkah, orphaned at
age 6.
• Spent childhood learning
to be a nomadic trader,
traveled to Syria.
• Became known as alAmin (the Trustworthy).
• Muhammad marries
wealthy widow,
Khadijah.
The Call to Prophethood
• In A.D. 610, Muslims
believe Muhammad
had a vision of the
angel Gabriel while he
was in a cave, in
which he received
messages from God.
He and his followers
came to believe that he
was the last messenger
in a long line of
prophets (Moses,
Noah, Jesus, etc..) sent
by God.
• Khadijah: first convert
The Call to Prophethood (continued)
• Muhammad taught
monotheism, the belief in
only one God.
• Muhammad named the
new faith Islam, which
means "submission" to
Allah (God). Believers in
Islam are called Muslims
(those who surrender to
God)
• Muslims believe that the
Qur'an is the word of
Allah
Muhammad’s Teaching Meets
with Rejection
• Muhammad taught all
believers in God were
equal, and that the rich
should share their
wealth
• He urged better
treatment of orphans,
poor, and women
• Many Makkans
disagreed and rejected
Muhammad’s
teachings.
Muhammad’s Teaching Meets with
Rejection (continued)
• Muhammad was
protected by the head
of a clan.
• Many Makkans
boycotted Muslims.
• 620, Muslims believe
Muhammad went on a
Night Journey and met
Abraham, Moses, and
Jesus and ascended to
heaven from
Jerusalem.
The Migration to Madinah
• 622: (the hijrah)
Muhammad and his
followers fled to Yathrib,
change name to
Madinah (City of the
Prophet); year 1 in
Muslim calendar.
• Muhammad becomes
leader of city and
general of the Muslim
army.
• Muhammad taught
Christians and Jews
were “People of the
Book.”
The End of His Life
• Muslims attack Makkan
caravans to avenge loss
of property which results
in war. Atrocities are
committed by both sides.
• 630: A battle takes place
and Muslims stage a
siege on Makkah:
Makkans surrender.
• Muhammad destroys the
idols in the Ka’ba
(Muslims believe that
Abraham and Ishmael
built the Ka'ba), and
forgives his enemies
• 632: Muhammad gives
his last sermon; shortly
after Muhammad dies
The Four Caliphs
• When Muhammad
died in A.D. 632, his
advisers chose a
caliph, or successor.
• The first caliph was
Muhammad's fatherin-law, Abu Bakr. As
caliph, he acted as
the administrator
and military leader
of Islam and its
provinces.
The Four Caliphs (cont.)
• To succeed him as
caliph, Abu Bakr
appointed Umar, one of
Muhammad's long-time
friends and advisers.
• Umar's armies
conquered more lands in
the name of Allah.
• Uthman, who succeeded
Umar as caliph, also
expanded the Muslim
empire, conquering
Persia and other areas.
The Four Caliphs (cont.)
• When Uthman was
murdered, the
resulting struggle for
power caused a civil
war in the Muslim
empire.
• Ali, Muhammad’s
cousin and son-inlaw becomes 4th
caliph. When he ends
civil war through
negotiation, he is
murdered by one of
his former followers.
The Umayyad Dynasty
• Mu’awiyah,
Uthman’s cousin
begins Umayyad
Dynasty
• Muslims split into
two groups. The
Shiites believe that
only members of
Muhammad's family
could be his
successors. The
Sunnis believe that
the election of caliphs
was valid.
• Today, Sunnis make
up more than 80
percent of Muslims.
The Umayyad Dynasty (cont.)
• Mu’awiyah moves
capital from
Madinah to
Damascus, and kept
large armies posted
in garrison towns.
• The lands Muslims
conquered are
infused with Arab
culture
• “People of the Book”
are not forced to join
Islam, but some do.
The Umayyad Dynasty (cont.)
• 711: Muslims begin
conquest of Spain
• 732: Charles Martel
stops Muslim
advance at the Battle
of Tours.
• By mid 700s, the
Muslim empire
included Spain,
North Africa, the
Middle East, and
part of central Asia
and India.
Sunni (green) Shiite (blue)
Illustrated Manuscript
Chapter 8
“The Prophet Muhammad”
Creating an Illustrated Manuscript
Follow these steps to create an illustrated manuscript about the life of
Muhammad:
1. Create a cover with a title and with designs that incorporate colorful
geometric shapes.
2. Create four pages about the life of Muhammad that include information
from each of the first four pages of your Cornell Notes.
• Colorful and appropriate illustrations (no human or animal figures).
• Key words from your Cornell Notes should be incorporated.
• At least one large Arabic word on each page.
• One paragraph on each page; the paragraphs should flow like a
biography about Muhammad.
3. Write neatly in ink or trace in colored pencil.
4. Add creative touches to make your manuscript look authentic.
Sentences that may help…
•
Create four pages about the life of Muhammad.
•
Each page should include information connected to the following that
best matches the topic for that page:
– Page 1 (purple): Muhammad was born poor, but he grew up to become a
trader.
– Page 2 (orange): For more than 20 years, Muhammad listened to the messages
the angel Gabriel brought from God, whom the Arabs call Allah.
– Page 3 (yellow): Muhammad preached his ideas but was rejected by most
Makkans.
– Page 4 (pink): Muhammad created a Muslim community in Madinah that
respected Christians and Jews; later he recaptured Makkah and forgave his
enemies.