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Islamic Civilization The Rise of Islam Daily Life in Early Arabia • The deserts, coastline, and oases of Arabia helped shape the Arab way of life* • Water can only be found at oases, which are green areas fed by underground water.** • Survival was extremely difficult, and early Arabs organized into tribes, who were very loyal to one another. • Sheikh – head of an Arabian tribe. Daily Life in Early Arabia Who are the early Bedouins? • Bedouins are desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis to water and grave their camels, goats, and sheep. • They rarely ate meat because their herds were too valuable • They ate dried fruit and nuts and drank the animal’s milk Daily Life in Early Arabia Trade and Towns • Most Arabs lived in villages located near oases or in the mountain valley* • To fend off attacks by Bedouins, they traveled in caravans, which are groups of traveling merchants and animals. Daily Life in Early Arabia Trade and Towns • By about AD 500, Arabian merchants handled most of the trade between India and the Mediterranean Sea.** • Makkah***became the largest and richest of them all. It was a crossroads for merchants, and it was also an important religious site. This is the holiest place in Arabia, and still plays a vital role in the Islamic**** Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet Muhammad’s message • Muhammad was born in Mecca in AD 570* • In about AD 610, he said he was visited by an angel and told to preach Islam. Islam means “surrendering to the will of Allah.” • Allah is the Arabic word for God. • He told people to destroy statues of false gods and worship only Allah, the one true God. • Muhammad preached that all men were equal and that the rich should share their goods.** Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet Opposition to Islam • Initially, people were not attracted to Islam and only Muhammad’s family became Muslims, or followers of Islam. • Wealthy merchants and religious leaders did not like Muhammad’s message because they thought he was trying to take away their power.* • Muhammad and his followers left Makkah in AD 622. • They moved north to the town of Yathrib • This journey became known as Hijrah, which is Arabic for “breaking off relationships”. • Muslims made AD 622 the first year of the Muslim calendar • Yathrib welcomed Muhammad’s followers and was renamed Madinah, which means city of the prophet. Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet Muhammad’s Government • The people of Madinah accepted Muhammad as God’s prophet and their ruler.* • Muhammad used laws to settle disputes among the people. He created an Islamic state – a government that uses its political power to uphold Islam. Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet Muhammad’s Government • Muhammad built an army and they conquered Makkah in AD 630. • Muhammad made Makkah the holy city of Islam. • Although he died two years later, Islam was spreading to all of Arabia. Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet Islam’s Teachings • Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have some beliefs in common. • Belief in one God* • Belief that God speaks to people through prophets.* -Early Muslim prophets were Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and finally Muhammad.* Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet What is the Quran? • *These writings became the Quran, or holy book of Islam* • The Quran instructs Muslims about how they should live. Many are similar to those in the Bible.*** • Muslims should not eat pork, drink liquor, or gamble. • The Quran also has rules about marriage, divorce, family life, property rights, and business practices. **** The Five Pillars of Islam • Belief – Muslims must declare that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet • Prayer – Muslims must pray five times per day facing toward Makkah • Charity – Muslims must give to the poor • Fasting – Muslims must not eat from dawn to dusk during the sacred holiday of Ramadan • Pilgrimage – Muslims must visit Makkah once in their life