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SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.
a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
b. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this
trade.
c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims.
d. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).
e. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe.
f. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
ISLAM
ARABIAN PENINSULA
ARABIAN PENINSULA GEOGRAPHY
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Center of a trade
network – Africa,
Europe, Asia
“Silk Roads” – spices,
silks, and other goods
Nomad groups –
Bedouins
MECCA
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City in Western Arabian
Peninsula
Home of Ka’aba (Kahbuh) – house of worship
Jews and Christians had
lived there many years
MUHAMMAD AND ALLAH
Allah – Arabic name for God
 Muhammad – 570 A.D. (C.E.) born
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 Angel
Gabriel spoke to him
 Muhammad believed it was Allah
 Muhammad believed he was the last prophet of
Allah
ISLAM AND MUSLIMS
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Arabic words
Islam – submission to
the will of Allah
Muslim – one who has
submitted
People in Mecca fear
Muhammad’s teachings
FLEEING MECCA
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Hijrah (hih-jee-ruh) –
Migration of Muhammad
and followers from
Mecca to Medina
(Yathrib)
630 – Muhammad and
10,000 followers return
to Mecca
REVIEW A BIT…
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The Spread of Islam: World History Atlas
 Through
military conquest
 Through trade later
 What were the roads called?
 Silk Roads!
 Spices, incense, perfumes, precious metals, ivory,
silk
FIVE PILLARS
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Faith – belief in one
God
Prayer – 5 times a day
Alms – giving to poor
Fasting – Ramadan,
fast between dawn and
sunset
Pilgrimage (Hajj) – travel
to Mecca! If capable!
TREATMENT OF PEOPLE
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Treatment of conquered
people was not horrible.
Allowed Christians and
Jews to practice their
religion – they paid a tax
OH NOES!
Caliph (successor) – 4 people between
Muhammad’s death and the split in Islam
 661 – Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law
assassinated
 Umayyad – come to power and move capital
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SUNNI
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4 caliphs were rightly guided
Muslim rulers should follow
Muhammad’s example,
called Sunna
Claim that Shi’a distort
passages in the Qur’an
(Koran)
SHI’A
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Ali should have succeeded
Muhammad
Muslim rulers should be
descendants of Muhammad
Claim that Sunni distort
passages in the Qur’an
OH NOES! SPLIT IN ISLAM!
SCIENCE AND MATH! WAIT…WHAT?
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Baghdad (city) - Abbasid
Empire
Islamic scholars collect
the knowledge of
Greece, India, Persia
The Thousand and One
Nights (Ever heard of
Aladdin?!)
Calligraphy – Islamic art
flourishes
MEDICINE AND GEOGRAPHY
Ibn Sina - 100 papers make up his Canon of
Medicine – pharmacological studies of
properties of new medicines.
 Ibn Battuta – traveled nearly 75,000 miles in
lifetime. Rihla – The Journey – documents his
travels to places in the Muslim world
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ISLAM AND THE CRUSADES
CRUSADES
11th, 12th, 13th Century military campaigns of
Christians against Muslims
 East - Byzantine Empire (Christians) live in Holy
Land against Seljuk Turks
 West – Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)
1085 expel Moors (Muslims from North Africa)
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FIRST CRUSADE
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Alexios I (Byzantine)
calls for aid to Pope
Urban II (Rome) – old
buddies, new
problems…
1096 CE (AD) send
armies to re-conquer
Holy Land
Christians take Holy
Land – slaughter many
people living there
CRUSADES 2 - 9
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#2 – Defending from
advancing Muslim
armies
#3 – Saladin defeats
Christian armies
#4 – Western Christians
attack
Constantinople…ooops?
#5 – Not much going on
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# 6 – Frederick II Holy
Roman Empire (modern
day Germany) takes
control of Jerusalem
through treaties
# 7 – French Kings,
failure
# 8 – Nothing…
# 9 – Christians forced
from Levant
SO WHAT WAS THAT ALL ABOUT?!
Central Government becomes more important
than Papacy (the Pope and Church)
 Islamic learning transferred to Western Europe
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 Art,
science leads to Renaissance in Europe
(eventually)
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Increased trade with Asia, use of Roads from
Roman era
 This
trade through Silk Roads leads to need for
exploration after Silk Roads close