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By: Kara and Tal
MUHAMMAD’S CHILDHOOD
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Muhammad was born in A.D.570 or
580 into the family Hashim.
His father died before he was born.
He was sent to the desert to be
taken care of.
It was custom that mothers in the
city send their babies to the desert
because air was healthier.
He returned five years later to his
mother who died a year later, when
he was six.
He was then taken care of by his
grandfather and uncle who adopted
him.
BEFORE MUHAMMAD'S PROPHETHOOD
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He found work tending sheep and buying and selling goods for a
wealthy widow named Khadija.
Khadija was impressed with his work and when Muhammad was 25
she offered him the opportunity to be her husband.
They had seven children: 3 boys and 4 girls.
All the boys died in infancy and only one girl, Fatima, lived long
enough to marry.
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He had a reputation as a seeker of solitude and spirituality.
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He meditated in a cave on Mount Hira outside Makkah every year.
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One time when he was there he heard a voice commanding him to
recite…
Recite-in the name of thy lord!
Who created man from blood coagulated
Recite! Thy lord is wondrous kind
Who by pen has taught mankind
Things they knew not (being blind).
Ammer Ali, The Spirit of Islam, 52.
MUHAMMAD'S TEACHINGS
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Muhammad believed he was either a prophet or one possessed
(gone mad).
People concluded that Muhammad was chosen by Allah (G-d) as a
prophet.
Like Moses, David, and Jesus, Muhammad- whose Muslims
believed was to be the last of the prophets- was given scriptures
through the Angel Gabriel.
He continued to receive messages from Allah.
He was told by Angel Gabriel that it was his duty to spread the
word and oneness of G-d and of the existence of Judgment Day
and resurrection.
To escape the divine wrath of and eternal fire, Muhammad
taught, the sinner must repent and throw himself upon the mercy
of G-d.
THE FIRST CONVERTS
In the beginning, not many people believed Muhammad. The
first converts to the religion by Muhammad where his wife, his
cousin, Ali ibn Abi Talib, the former slave, Zayd ibn Haritha, and
Muhammad’s friend Abu Bakr. Unlike other followers, Abu was a
respected government person. He became Muhammad’s closest
companion and advisor. Even though, not many people believed
what he was saying, he continued to preach the message revealed to
him. He was considered to be handsome with dark bushy eyebrows
and dark eyes. However not many pictures of the prophet exist.
Muslims believe that depictions of the prophet of God and other
respectable figures were not acceptable.
MUHAMMAD’S MAIN TEACHINGS
 Muhammad’s
teaching stressed 5 main
points:
 Allah was the one and only G-d and all
should submit and be thankful to him
 All believers in Allah are equal under
him
 The rich should share their money
 People should chose their own path
 All would be subjected to Judgment Day
THE EMIGRATION TO MADINAH
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The day Muhammad arrived in Madinah, a group of his followers
guided him into the city.
The same year of the Night Journey, Muhammad’s uncle Abu
Talib, died.
Abu Talib had used his power to protect Muhammad against
other people, but when he died Muhammad had to flee.
The journey, known as hijra in Arabic, marks the introduction of
Islam to humankind.
Muhammad was optimistic, he hoped the people of Madinah
would become believers in Islam
After the rejection of the Prophet by Jewish tribes, Muhammad
told Muslims that the Qiblah ( direction of prayer ) was changed
from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Makka.
THE RETURN TO MAKKAH
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As more people accepted Islam of their own free will, the Quraysh and
other pagan tribes became increasingly alarmed and hostile towards the
Muslims, to the point of inflicting torture.
After being constantly challenged to battle by the Quraysh and allies,
Muhammad lead his army to attack and capture a Makkan caravan.
Muhammad's army, though outnumbered, won the Battle of Badr
overwhelmingly.
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The success lead to Islam gaining more followers.
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Then Makkans wanted revenge for their loss.
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Many battles were fought between the Makkans and Muhammad and his
army.
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In A.D. 630, Muhammad, with an army of 10,000 captured Makkah
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The Kaaba became the new religious center for all Muslims.
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In March A.D. 632 Muhammad led the hajj, or great pilgrimage to
Makkah. Sometimes this was called the pilgrimage of farewell for it was
his last.
On the return to Madinah he fell ill and requested Abu Bakr to lead
prayers in his place.
On June 8, A.D. 632, he died in the house of one of his wife's, A’isha.
ISLAM AS A WAY OF LIFE
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After being invited by the people to lead their city, Muhammad began to
establish an Islamic community with unique customs.
During his 23 years of prophet hood, Muhammad received revelations
from G-d. These were recorded by companions and put into a book called
the Qur’an.
When he died, they put his personal words and deeds into a book called
the Sunna
One of the most basic rules are the Five Pillars of Faith:
first pillar-shahada profession of faith
second pillar-salat daily worship
third pillar-zakat almsgiving
fourth pillar-sawm fast ( sunrise to sunset )
fifth pillar-hajj pilgrimage to Makkah (undertaken once in lifetime)
IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES AND UNDERGROUND WELLS
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Because water was so scarce in the desert regions of the Islamic Empire,
Muslims developed ingenious irrigation techniques and utilized
underground wells.
Dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts were constructed throughout the Islamic
Empire as early as the 10th centaury.
Much of the agriculture of the Islamic Empire was dependant on
irrigation techniques and underground wells, as were most of the Muslim
people.
Chess
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The game of chess was introduced to the Muslim world by the Persians,
who had it imported it first from India.
The game became widely popular because of its difficulty and intellectual
challenge.
Eventually, they introduced chess to the Europeans, who played it widely
from the 13th centaury on.
ZOOLOGY
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Muslim scholars made great advances in zoology, the scientific study of
animals, during the Golden Age.
Because for years, the Muslims’ lifestyle and economy were dependant on
animals for trade and travel, there was an interest in the study of
animals.
Al-Jahiz was one of the foremost scholars to explore zoology.
Calligraphy
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Calligraphy, which means beautiful handwriting, is the art of elegant
handwriting.
Calligraphy was first used by Muslims when the Arabs began preparing
copies of the Qur’an.
The words of the Qur’an were written in calligraphy because only
calligraphy was considered worthy of the word of G-d.
GEOMETRIC AND FLORAL DESIGNS
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Muslim art was mostly abstract.
During the golden Age of the Muslims, these arts flourished throughout
the Islamic world.
Banking System
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During the Rule of the Abbasids of Baghdad, a banking system was
developed that helped to end confusion caused by the many forms of
money.
House of Wisdom
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The House of Wisdom was an educational institution founded in Baghdad
by the Abbasid calip al- Ma’mun.
The library was a model for other large library through out the Islamic
world.
Bookmaking
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During the rule of the Addasids, Chinese soldiers captured during a
battle in central Asia were discovered to be artisans skilled in paper
making.
The Chinese prisoners taught their captors how to make paper, and this
new skill spread through the empire.
WAS MUHAMMAD
SENT TO THE
DESERT? IF SO,
WHY
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Yes. It was custom for mothers in the city to send
their babies in the desert because desert air was
healthier.
HOW MANY POINTS
DID MUHAMMAD'S
TEACHINGS STRESS?
NAME ONE?
 Muhammad's
teaching stressed 5
main points.
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Allah was the one and only G-d and all
should submit and be thankful to him
All believers in Allah are equal under
him
The rich should share their money
People should chose their own path
All would be subjected to Judgment Day
AS MORE PEOPLE
ACCEPTED THE NEW
RELIGION OF ISLAM,
WHAT TRIBE BECAME
HOSTILE?
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The Quraysh.
WAS WATER SCARCE
IN THE DESERT? IF
SO, WHAT DID THEY
DO TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM?
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Yes. The Muslims created irrigation techniques
and underground wells.
DID THE MUSLIMS
LIKE CHESS? WHO DID
THEY INTRODUCE IT
TO?
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Yes. They introduced it to the Europeans in the
13th century.
IS MUHAMMAD EVER
SHOWN IN PICTURES?
IF SO, WHY?
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No. Muslims believed that pictures of the prophet
of God were unacceptable.
THE END