Download Five Pillars of Islam

The Rise of Islam
Chapter 11, Section 1, page 372
Chapter 11, Section 1 Objectives
• After this lesson, students will be able to:
– identify ways the Arab way of life is shaped by the
deserts, coastline, and oases of Arabia.
– discuss how the prophet Muhammad brought the
message of Islam to the people of Arabia.
– explain the Quran and how it provides guidelines for
Muslims’ lives and the governments of Islamic states.
Daily Life in Early Arabia - 373
• The Arabian Peninsula
– mostly desert
– oases (oasis) – green
areas fed by underground
water
– To survive, early Arabs
organized into tribes who
were loyal to one another.
• sheikh – head of a tribe
Who Are the Bedouins? – page 373
• Bedouins – desert herders who traveled from
oasis to oasis
– animals were crucial
Trade and Towns – page 373
• caravans – groups of
traveling merchants and
animals who moved
goods across the desert
– Byzantine and Sassanid
Empires
• Mekkah (Mecca) – largest
and richest town along
the trade routes
• Ka’aba – holy shrine in
Islam
Trade and Towns – page 373
Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet – page 374
• Muhammad (c. A.D.570 632) – founder of the
Islamic faith
– orphaned; raised by
grandfather and uncle
– trader and business man
– wife: Khadijah; children
– revelation when he was
about 40 years old
Muhammad’s Message – page 374
• c. A.D. 610 – He said he was visited by the angel
Gabriel, who proclaimed that he was a messenger of
the one true God, called Allah (Arabic for “God”).
• Gabriel instructed him to preach Islam, which means
“surrendering to the will of Allah.”
– Muslims = practitioners of Islam
• Muhammad obeyed
– preached that all people were equal and the rich should
share goods
– Day of Judgment
Opposition to Islam – page 374
• family conversions
• Wealthy merchants and religious leaders were
opposed to Islam.
• A.D. 622 Muhammad forced out of Mekkah → went
to Yathrib (Madinah, which means “city of the prophet”).
– journey known as the Hijrah
• Muhammad became leader of Madinah → created
army → returned to Mekkah and conquered it
Islam’s Teachings – page 377
• Judaic, Christian, and
Islamic religious
similarities
– belief in one God
– prophets (Muslims believe
Abraham, Moses, Jesus,
and Muhammad were all
prophets!)
– heaven, hell, judgment
– trace ancestry to Abraham
What is the Quran? – page 377
• Quran (Qur’an or Koran) –
holy book of Islam
– central to Islamic faith; only the
Arabic version is considered to
be the true word of Allah
– instructions on how to live
(moral teachings on how to treat
one another, etc.)
– Sunna – Muhammad’s example
– shari’a - Quran and Sunna
assembled into a body of law
The Five Pillars of Islam – page 378
• Five Pillars of Islam – acts of worship Muslims
must fulfill
– Belief – declaration of faith
– Prayer – five times daily (dawn, noon, mid-afternoon,
sunset, and evening) in the direction of Mekkah; usually
gather at a mosque (Islamic house of worship) on
Fridays
– Alms – responsibility to support the less fortunate
– Fasting – no eating between dawn and sunset during
the holy month of Ramadan (exceptions)
– Pilgrimage – the hajj at least once
Chapter 11, Section 1 Questions
Copy the following questions and then answer them.
1. Describe the physical qualities of the Arabian
peninsula.
2. What is a caravan? Why were they formed?
3. Who founded Islam? What does the word “Islam”
mean?
4. What do we call people who practice Islam?
5. Name the holy book of Islam.
6. Name the Five Pillars of Faith.
Islamic Empires
Chapter 11, Section 2, page 380
Chapter 11, Section 2 Objectives
• After this lesson, students will be able to:
– describe how Arabs spread Islam through conquest,
preaching, and trade.
– explain the split of Muslims into two groups with different
beliefs, and the Arab Empire’s climb to new heights.
– discuss how Turks and Moguls built Muslim empires in
Asia, Africa, and Europe.
The Spread of Islam – page 380
• caliph – meant successor to the Messenger of
God
– Rightly Guided Caliphs – rulers who obeyed Islam’s
teachings
• Abu
– Umayyad caliphs A.D. 661 – 750
The Muslims Build an Empire – page 380
• Why were the Arabs successful in building an
empire?
– Arab soldiers were inspired by their new faith.
• death in battle for Islam = paradise
– let conquered peoples practice their own religion
– Arabic language adopted frequently (common
language + holy book = unifying factor)
– merchants and preachers
Preaching and Trading – page 381
• Similar to Christian missionaries, Sufis spread the
teachings of Islam.
• trade
Preaching and Trading – page 381
Struggles Within Islam – page 382
• Shiites – believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-inlaw, should rule after Muhammad’s death
• Sunnis – believed the Umayyad dynasty should
rule
– Most Muslims today are Sunnis.
The Seljuk Turks – page 383
• The Abbasid Empire
– capital: Baghdad
• Seljuk Turks
– Abbasid caliph remained
religious leader
– the Seljuks ruled the
government and the army
– sultan – Seljuk ruler title,
means “holder of power”
• Mongols stormed
Baghdad in 1258 → end
of Arab Empire
Later Muslim Empires – page 384
• Ottoman Empire
– began in Turkey
– allowed religious freedom
• special tax
• other requirements
(janissaries)
– Suleiman I – sultan of the
Ottoman Empire in the
1500s
• architecture
• general
– lasted until the end of WWI
Later Muslim Empires – page 384
Who Were the Moguls? – page 385
• Moguls – people who created a Muslim empire
in India
– Akbar brought peace and order to India in the 1500s
Chapter 11, Section 2 Questions
Copy the following questions and then answer them.
1. Define caliph.
2. What brought an end to Arab unity under the
Seljuk Turks?
3. Who was Suleiman I?
4. Why were the Muslims successful in building an
empire?
Muslim Ways of Life
Chapter 11, Section 3, page 387
Chapter 11, Section 3 Objectives
• After this lesson, students will be able to:
– explain why Muslim traders enjoyed great success and
cities grew, but most Muslims lived in villages in the
country.
– identify valuable contributions to the sciences and arts
made by Muslims.
Trade and Everyday Life – page 388
• Why were Muslim traders so successful?
– location, location, location
– Arabic language
– provided coins
– detailed business records → new business: banking
What Were Muslim Cities Like? – page 388
•
•
•
•
trade = city growth
major buildings: palaces and mosques
another feature: the bazaar – a marketplace
Most Muslims lived in villages and farmed the
land.
– wheat
– rice
– beans
– melons
― almonds
― blackberries
― apricots
― figs
― olives
― flowers
Muslim Society – page 389
• Social groups were based on power and wealth.
• rules regarding slaves
Muslim Achievements – page 391
• preservation of Greek heritage
• mathematics and science
– al-Khwarizmi – father of algebra
(from Arabic al-jabr)
– Arabic numerals
– astrolabe
– al-Razi – considered a founder of
chemistry
– Ibn Sina – doctor who showed
how diseases spread from
person to person
Muslim Writing – page 393
• The Arabian Nights
• Omar Khayyam – poet
who wrote the Rubaiyat
– wrote books on algebra and
music as well
• Ibn Khaldun – historian
who studied the effects
of geography and
climate on people
Art and Buildings – page 393
• designs entwined with flowers,
leaves, stars, and other
geometric designs instead of
images of Muhammad
• mosques – dome-topped with
minarets (a tower from which
believers are called to
prayer)
• palaces – Alhambra in
Grenada, Spain
• The Taj Mahal
Chapter 11, Section 3 Questions
Copy the following questions and then answer them.
1. Give two reasons that Muslim traders were
successful.
2. Define bazaar.
3. Name the contributions of the following people: alKhwarizmi, al-Razi, Ibn Sina.
4. Why do Muslims refrain from using pictures of
Muhammad in the decorations of their mosques and
palaces?
5. Name two famous examples of Muslim architecture.