Download Islam, Judaism & Christianity

Islam
Close ties to
Christianity &
Judaism:
1. Believe that both
Abraham & Jesus
were prophets
2. Islam is the last
religion of the
Abrahamic tradition
3. Muhammad is the
last prophet in a long
line of prophets
Mecca (Arial View)
Islam
• Founder/Prophets/Important
People:
– Muhammad
– Abraham
• Languages:
– Arabic
• Percent of followers
worldwide:
– 25%
– Second largest religion in the
world
Islam
• Where
– SW Asia
– Mecca, present-day
Saudi Arabia.
– Medina, Saudi
Arabia
• When
– 613 A.D.
Muslims worship at the Kaaba
(sacred black stone) in Mecca
Islam Briefly
• Islam is the second most popular religion in the
world with over a billion followers.
• Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to
humanity by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him).
• Those who follow Islam are called Muslims.
• Muslims believe that there is only one God, called
Allah, who speaks Arabic.
• The Muslim calendar has 354 days
– based on the 12 crescent moon cycles.
Islam
• ISLAM is the name given to the religion
preached by the prophet Muhammad in the
600s A. D.
• The Islamic religion started in the area
known as Palestine in the year 600AD.
• It has about 850 million followers, most of
them in the region north and east of the
Mediterranean Sea.
Islam
• Allah, is the Islamic God.
• People who believe these ideas
are called Muslims.
Islam
• Important
Teachings:
1. Five Pillars of Islam
2. Monotheistic
3. God is called Allah
• Holy Book(s):
1. The Qur’an (Koran)
•
The Qur’an contains
both verses from the
Torah & the Bible.
2. Sharia
•
a tradition of rulings
that touch on
virtually all aspects
of life and society.
Muslims worshiping towards the
Kaaba in Mecca. Zoomed out.
Islam
– Moral Code is
derived from Five
Pillars:
1. Faith: There is only
one god- Allah.
2. Prayer: pray five
times a day.
(Towards Mecca)
3. Fasting: during
month of Ramadan.
4. Zakah: Giving
Alms to the poor.
5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to
Mecca.
Muslims gathering outside Mecca
during their Hajj
Islamic Philosophy
• Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing
and preparation for the life to come.
• Angels record good and bad deeds.
• People should behave themselves and help others,
trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.
Islam
• Basic Precepts
Submission to the will of God
(Allah)
o Lineage - Adam, Noah, Abraham,
Moses, Jesus, & Mohammed
(different lineage)
o Holy Book - Koran - built on Old
Testament
o Five (5) pillars of faith
o
Islam’s Holy Book
• The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is 'the
word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are
rooted in the Qur'an.
• Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because
they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every
word and every letter is sacred.
• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of
God.
• It is read from right to left and written in Arabic, the
language of heaven.
Islam’s Place of Worship
• The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque. The word comes
from the Arabic for "place of prostration".
• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets – towers on the
mosque corners.
• They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture.
• Normal day of worship is Friday.
• Religious leaders are called imams.
Grand mosque in
Mecca
Islam’s Place of Worship
• The Muslim building for communal
worship is called a Mosque.
– The word comes from the Arabic for
"place of prostration".
• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a
day from minarets – towers on the
mosque corners.
• They contain only designs, no people or
animals or furniture.
• Normal day of worship is Friday.
Jamia Mosque in Derby England
Islam’s Most Holy City
• While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in
Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to
the ground.
• All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip
to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their
lifetime.
Five Pillars Belief System/Law Code
• Shahadah: declaration of faith
"I bear witness that there is no god, but God; I bear witness that
Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting this, one enters
Islamic faith.
• Salah: prayer
Muslims are required to pray five times a day, washing themselves
before prayer and facing in the direction of Mecca while praying.
• Zakat: giving a fixed proportion to charity
Muslims are required to give away a percentage of their earnings to
those less fortunate, regardless of their religion. It is usually 2.5%.
• Saum: fasting during the month of Ramadan
Muslims fast for one lunar month each year, a period called
Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect on their behavior and
strive to purify their thoughts.
• Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
If it is financially possible, Muslims are required to travel to Mecca
once in their lifetime.
5 Pillars of Islam
1. Shahada(witness) is the Muslim profession of
faith
- "I witness that there is no god but Allah,
and that Muhammad is the prophet of
Allah"
• Muslims say this when they wake up in the
morning and just before they go to sleep at
night
•
•
•
•
•
•
2. Salat(daily prayer) is a prayer ritual
performed 5 times a day by all Muslims over
the age of 10
Between first light and sunrise
After the sun has passed the middle of the
sky
Between mid-afternoon and sunset
Between sunset and the last light of the day
Between darkness and dawn
3. Sawm(fasting) is abstaining each day during
Ramadan
• Sawm helps Muslims develop self-control, gain a
better understanding of God's gifts and greater
compassion towards the deprived.
• Ramadan is the holiest day for Islam. It marks when
Muhammad had the Qur-an revealed to him
• Sawm is usually described as fasting, but it actually
involves abstaining from all bodily pleasures
between dawn and sunset
• Not only is food forbidden, but also things like
smoking, chewing gum, negative thoughts and
sexual activity
Food Laws
• Very similar laws to the Jewish kosher foods
• No alcohol, pork, blood, no pork fat products,
scavenger animals
• Food must be prepared similarly to the Jews
– Slice to the jugular
– Drain blood
4. Zakat(almsgiving) is giving alms to the poor
• This is a compulsory gift of 2.5 % of one's
savings each year
• Giving in this way is intended to free
Muslims from the love of money
• It reminds them that everything they have
really belongs to God.
5. Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all
physically/financially able Muslims should
make at least once in their life
• Mecca is the most holy place for Muslims
• Takes place during days 8-13 of the 12th month
of the Islamic Lunar calendar
• They circle the Kaaba seven times on three
occasions, say prayers, drink from a holy
spring, walk to Mount Arafat to pray, feast,
cast stones at three pillars(to fight Satan’s
temptations), shave hair, run seven times
between some hills
Main Festivals
• Hijja:
The month of
pilgrimage during
which all Muslims,
at least once in their
life, should try to
make the pilgrimage
to Mecca and
worship at the
Kaaba
The Kaaba
Muslim Sects
• Sunni-the majority
• Shia-the minority
• The split rose from an early dispute over who should be the
leader of Islam after the death of Muhammad.
• The Sunnis argued that the successor should be appointed
by election and consensus, as tradition dictated. (Sunni
comes from the Arabic word Sunna , meaning “tradition.”)
• The Shia believed that Muhammad's successors should
come from his family, starting with Ali, his son-in-law.
These, the partisans of Ali, were named from the word Shia
, meaning “partisan” in Arabic.
Islam
• Important Cities:
– Mecca
– Medina
– Jerusalem
• Major Groups:
– Sunni
• largest denomination of Islam; means
the tradition of the prophet of Islam Muhammad
• Believe caliphs (priests) were to be
chosen by consensus
– Shi-ite
• Shi'a Muslims adhere to the teachings
of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
and his Ahlul Bayt (family).
• Believe caliphs should be descendants
from Muhammad’s son in law (Ali)
and wife (Fatima)
Dome of the Rock
in Jerusalem
Islam – Map!
Islam in 1500 C.E.
In 1500, located in Middle East,
Africa, and Southern Europe
Islam Today
Today, located in Middle East,
Africa, and Asia