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• A person who follows Judaism is a Jew • Their God is Yahweh • A person who follows Christianity is a Christian • Their God is God • A person who follows Islam is a Muslim • Their God is Allah ALL THREE GODS are the SAME !!! JUDAISM • Total number of Jews may be 14 million • Began 3000 years ago in Palestine (now Israel) • It is the oldest mainstream religion on record • They have ONE GOD: YAHWEH • Jewish people are a CHOSEN PEOPLE (chosen by God) • To protect this position, they must follow the 10 commandments • (God gave these to Moses. They are the ‘rules’ of life) MAIN BELIEFS MAIN BELIEFS • They believe a MESSIAH will be sent from God to free them. • They DO NOT believe their Messiah has come yet • They believe in an after life SACRED TEXT • TORAH (most important of Jewish Holy Books) • TALMUD (a guide for life and living) • OLD TESTAMENT SYMBOL • The Star of David • Jews have been PERSECUTED through out their history • PERSECUTED= To attack or harass someone for a specific reason, such as race, religion or politics • Jews have often been kicked off their land (the area around Israel called PALESTINE) to far away places TURNING POINTS TURNING POINTS • According to Jewish tradition, the last time they were kicked out was called DIASPORA, or the SCATTERING (around 70 CE) • Jewish people finally got to make Israel their own country in 1948 (This happened after the Holocaust of World War Two, when Nazis killed 6 million Jews in concentration camps) Judaism is a bit opposite of most religions… instead of spreading outward throughout the world, it is going back to it’s home land of Israel… and that has caused problems in the Middle East! (40% of world Jews live in Israel and 40% live in America) SPREAD CONCLUSION • The Jewish religion is famous for its ability to survive all of the hardship its people went through CHRISTIANITY • Total number of Christians may be 2.1 billion • Christianity began 2000 years ago • It is the most widely distributed religion in the world CHRISTIANITY • How It Came About: • Jews were living in Palestine in 64 BC when the Roman Empire took over their land. • The Romans treated the Jews very cruelly. • Many Jewish people prayed for a MESSIAH to come from God and help them build a new nation away from Rome • MESSIAH: The awaited king of the Jews, to be sent by God to free them • In Christianity, Jesus Christ was awarded this position. • ***Jesus was a JEW. *** CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY • He started life as a carpenter, but later became a PREACHER. • His first twelve followers, or DISCIPLES, were called APOSTLES • Jesus believed and preached the OLD TESTAMENT. • He also added his own teachings, OVER AND ABOVE the OLD TESTAMENT • His APOSTLES are the one who started CHRISTIANITY based on his teachings. • His teachings are written in the Christian Bible under the title of the NEW TESTAMENT CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY • The Jewish authorities and Roman rulers were both afraid of Jesus and his growing popularity, so they executed him. • ***This is why so many Christians would later persecute Jews… • They felt Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus… • The main problem with this idea is that Jesus was a JEW!!!!!!!*** • Jesus stated that there were two commandments greater than all of the other ones: – Love your neighbour as yourself – Love God with your whole being MAIN BELIEFS MAIN BELIEFS • They believe in ONE GOD. They believe that Jesus is the SON of God • They follow the same Ten Commandments as the Jews • They believe if you live a good life and are baptised, you will have an afterlife in heaven. SACRED TEXT • The BIBLE (made up of TWO books – the OLD and the – NEW TESTAMENT SYMBOL • The CROSS (Because he was killed on a Cross… it was a very common and brutally painful way to die in Ancient Rome) TURNING POINTS • Crucifixion of Christ (Crucifixion means the execution on the cross, you die from exposure) THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY • Christianity started very SMALL with only a few disciples. • During this time, Roman authorities saw Christianity and its followers as a threat. They killed thousands of them. • (Nero, a ruthless Roman Emperor, had them killed in various ways. These included having them dressed in animal skins and torn apart by dogs, crucified, or made into torches for night-lights) • However, one of the few MISSIONARIES (or teachers) of early Christianity was to have a huge impact on the Spread of Christianity. • His name was SAINT PAUL • Interestingly, Paul started his career by PERSECUTING Christians for the Romans. • But then he had a vision of Christ and became a Christian THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY • He wrote many letters to many cities to help spread Christianity. • Many of his letters are in the NEW TESTAMENT • Within 400 years what started with 12 main teachers became the official religion of most of Europe CONCLUSION ISLAM • Total number of Muslims may be 1.5 billion • Islam began 1400 years ago • It is the second most widely distributed religion in the world and may outnumber Christianity soon (higher birth rates in Muslim nations) • Developed in the ARAB world • Islam was a religion whose prophet was named MUHAMMAD • Muhammad was born in Mecca, a great trading city, around 570 AD (CE) • He died in 632 AD (CE) HOW IT CAME ABOUT HOW IT CAME ABOUT • His relatives were business people and traders and members of an important clan • He was orphaned by the time he was six years old. His grandfather and uncle took care of him. • The family was poor • As a young man Muhammad married the widow Khadijah and joined her in business • He became a skilled trader and manager • In the year 610, Muhammad retreated to a cave near Mecca where he could meditate and pray HOW IT CAME ABOUT HOW IT CAME ABOUT • As he meditated, he received a powerful revelation from God through the angel Gabriel • Muhammad received many important revelations from God, which give guidance in many areas • These are recorded in the Qur’ân • They describe God’s powers and expectations, the Day of Judgment, and other matters. • The new religion revealed to Muhammad was called ISLAM, meaning “submission to the will of God” • The followers of Islam are called MUSLIMS, meaning “they who submit” HOW IT CAME ABOUT HOW IT CAME ABOUT • Muhammad knew that the idea of one God, ALLAH, would not be popular in a pagan city like Mecca, where many gods were worshipped. • Although he made some converts (people who changed there religion to his), city leaders and others soon began to persecute Muslims, who fled to the city of Medina. • Muslims call this migration the HIJRAH • It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. • Later the two cities fought and the Muslims defeated the forces of Mecca. HOW IT CAME ABOUT SACRED TEXT • Qur’ân (KORAN), the Muslim Holy Book • Muslims accept the Koran as the word of God as given to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel • Because it is believed to contain God’s actual words, in Arabic, the Koran cannot be changed. • Every letter is sacred. • Islamic law, called the SHARIA, is based on the Koran and the Hadith. • Muslim scholars taught that religious beliefs, religious duties, and good works were the important elements of Islam • The MOSQUE is a Muslim place of worship (like a church) • It is large and uncluttered • There are no chairs or pews because the faithful bow and lie face-down (prostrate) themselves in the sight of God THE SPREAD OF ISLAM Many Arabs were inspired by Muhammad and believed that spreading the new religion was a sacred duty. Those who converted were treated well Those who resisted were destroyed and enslaved THE SPREAD OF ISLAM • Muhammad died in 632 AD. The goal after that was to spread Islam • By 647 AD they had conquered Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Iran. Two years later they reached what is now Pakistan. TURNING POINT • This dispute resulted in warfare between Ali and his supporters on one side and a group that included the Umayyad family and Muhammad’s wife, Aishah, on the other. • The problem of the leadership of Islam resulted in a major division in the Islamic world between the Shi'i (Shai) supporters of Ali, and the Sunni, supporters of Aishah and the Umayyad family. This division remains today CONCLUSION • There is no one type of Muslim… • they share a main book but have many different practices between groups.