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Arabia and Iraq
Ch 9: Saudi Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Pg. 436 - 443
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Arabia and Iraq
YOU BE THE TEACHER!
Each group member is responsible for their section. You will
have 5 minutes to read your section and identify (2-3) important
things your group needs to know. (5 min)
Members will have 2 minutes to present to the group (10 min)
- Other members will take notes
#1: Oil and Gas Riches / Living on Oil (pg. 438-439)
#2: Vast Deserts and Scarce Water (pg. 440)
#3: Diverse Region (pg. 442-443)
#4: Wet and Dry Climates (pg. 472-473)
#5: Water for a Thirsty Region (pg. 474-475)
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Key Ideas
Physical geography has made much of this region
rich in oil and natural gas.
The climate of Arabia and Iraq makes water scarce.
The region is home to different ethnic and religious
groups.
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Key Terms
•
plate block of rock and soil that makes up earth’s crust
•
fossil fuel nonrenewable resource formed over
millions of years from the remains of ancient plants
and animals
• desalination removal of salt from seawater
•
urbanized having a population that lives mostly in
cities
•
majority more than half
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
What are some important places to know in Arabia
and Iraq?
• Tigris River
• Euphrates River
• Arabian Peninsula
• Persian Gulf
• Red Sea
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Arabia and Iraq: Outline Map
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Arabia and Iraq: Physical Features
The Arabian Peninsula is surrounded on three sides by
the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf.
Most of Arabia and Iraq are on the Arabian Plate.
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers are the only major
rivers in this region.
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Arabia and Iraq
Pg. 438
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Oil and Gas Riches
Saudi Arabia has the world’s largest oil reserves and
output.
Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates Many other Middle Eastern nations have also grown rich
from their oil and gas.
Because these countries lack water, they use money
from oil and gas sales to build water facilities and buy
food grown in other regions
Oil production has sometimes harmed the region’s
environment.
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Arabia and Iraq
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
Vast Deserts and Scarce Water
Most of Arabia and Iraq is desert.
The mountains of Yemen and Iraq receive enough
rainfall to support farming.
The water of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers is
crucial to Iraq, which has the highest population in
the region.
The region’s population has clustered for centuries in the
places with the most water.
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Arabia and Iraq
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Arabia and Iraq
Pg. 441
Population
Density
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Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas
A Diverse Region
In most countries of Arabia and Iraq, Arab Muslims form
the majority of the population.
However, a large number of people from Sri Lanka,
Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines inhabit the
region.
The region’s people mainly practice Islam, but there are
Christians, Hindus, and Buddhists as well.
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Arabia and Iraq
Pg. 442
Religious
Diversity
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Arabia and Iraq
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Name important world religions. How could a new
religion affect a community?
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Academic Vocabulary
•
persist v. to continue, often in spite of setbacks
Even though you find math difficult, you must persist
or you will never understand it.
•
vital n. extremely important, needed for survival
Clean, fresh water is vital to our local fisheries.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Key Ideas
Civilization developed along the rivers of
Mesopotamia.
Islam arose in Arabia and spread to other
regions in the early Middle Ages.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Key Ideas
Britain controlled parts of the region and
redrew borders in the early 1900s.
The region gained independence and oil
wealth, but some countries faced
dictatorship and war.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Key Terms
•
civilization culture with a written language
in which people have many different kinds
of jobs
•
monotheism the belief in a single god
•
Quran holy book of Islam
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Key Terms
•
caliph Muslims’ political and religious
leader
•
mosque Islamic house of worship
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Key Terms
•
minority group making up less than half of
a population
•
dictator leader with complete control over
government
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Early Civilizations and Empires
The region of Arabia and Iraq was one of the
places where civilization began.
In the river valley of the Tigris and the
Euphrates, the first cities appeared around
4000 B.C.
The Babylonians and Assyrians formed
empires here.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Persians, Greeks, and Arabs
Around 550 B.C., Mesopotamia became part of the
Persian Empire.
Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire in
331 B.C.
Romans eventually took control of the region.
Through trade, the Greeks, Romans, and Persians met
the Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
The Birth of Islam
Muslims believe that Muhammad met the angel
Gabriel at a cave outside Mecca, and that the
angel had a message from God.
When Muhammad died, his followers split into two
groups, the Shia and the Sunni.
Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam stresses the
importance of family, community, and social
justice.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Muslim Civilization
During the 600s and 700s, the Muslims formed
a huge empire.
Travel and trade brought the Muslim Empire into
contact with ideas from around the world.
Baghdad, the capital of the Muslim Empire,
became a center of culture, trade, and learning.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
The Persian Gulf in Modern Times
By World War I, the British dominated several
countries on the Arabian Peninsula.
Oil was discovered in Iraq in 1927.
Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
Persian Gulf Conflicts
In 1980, under Saddam Hussein, Iraq invaded
Iran’s oil-rich lands.
In 1988, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and the United
States and other nations went to war with Iraq.
In 2003, the United States and some allies went to
war with Iraq.
U.S. and other foreign troops were still in Iraq in
2009.
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Arabia and Iraq
History
How are the Shia and Sunni alike? How are they
different?
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Arabia and Iraq
History
List the main ideas about each topic:
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
List some restrictions Hanan faces as she pursues
her nursing studies in Saudi Arabia:
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Predict how Islamic beliefs might affect daily life in
the modern region:
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Academic Vocabulary
•
tradition - n. practices handed down from
one generation to the next
Sunday dinner is a family tradition that we
have kept for many generations.
•
expose - v. to show, make aware of,
uncover
Travel in foreign countries exposes people
to new customs.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Key Ideas
Regional traditions and modern global culture
have shaped the region’s culture.
Many oil-rich countries in the region have
worked to make their economies less
dependent on oil.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Key Terms
•
fundamentalism belief that holy books
should be taken literally, word for word
•
Islamism belief that politics and society
should follow Islamic teachings
•
jihad Arabic word meaning struggle
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Key Terms
•
terrorism use of violence to create
fear for political reasons
•
entrepreneurship willingness to take
the risk of starting a business
•
Hijab concealing, baggy garments
worn by many Arab women
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Religious Traditions
Tradition remains important in Arabia and Iraq.
The main source of tradition in the region is the
religion of Islam.
People in Arabia and Iraq follow many traditions
based on different interpretations of Islam.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Fundamentalism
A branch of Sunni Islam called Wahhabism is a
form of fundamentalism.
Wahhabis believe that government should be
based on the original teachings of Islam.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Islamism and Jihad
A small number of Muslims in the region see
European and American influence as a threat.
These groups use the word jihad to mean violent
struggle.
They support the use of violence to attack
Westerners or Muslims with different approaches
to Islam.
Most Muslims reject violent jihad and terrorism.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
One-Track Economies
Oil and natural gas were found in the region in
the 1920s and 1930s.
Oil sales have been a source of easy
money for the region.
However, there has been little
investment outside the oil industry.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Trying to Diversify
In recent years, leaders in the region have
seen the need to diversify their economies.
Bahrain and Dubai have become regional
financial centers.
Governments have also invested in education
so that their people can compete in the global
economy.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
How has investment from diversification affected
daily life?
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
Arabia and Iraq in the Modern World
People in the region have adopted some aspects
of modern global culture.
Traditionally, women in the Arab world have had
to obey men.
Despite the pull of global culture, tradition still
shapes the lives of men and especially women in
this region.
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
How are women’s lives restricted in
the Arab world?
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
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Arabia and Iraq
Today
How much does geography shape a country?
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