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The Umayyad Dynasty
By
Sejin Paik
Susan Park
What time period was your
civilization around?
• After assassination of Ali
• (661~759 C.E.)
What life was like before your
civilization took over? In other words
what proceeded you?
• 4 Arab caliphates after Muhammad’s death,
Umayyad was one
• Muhammad Umar Uthman Muawiyah
Umayyad dynasty
• Umayyads were sunnis = did not like Muhammad
Ali
• Sudden rise of empire = success of spreading
religion
– 2 decades after successor died, tensions rose
• Rejected Ali’s claims
How did Islam effect your civilization
(point out both the positives and the
negatives)?
1. How did environment effect your civilization
before and after the introduction of Islam?
2. Did your civilization expand their empire?
How did they do it (war, trading, spread of
religion)?
3. What was your economy based on? How did
Islam change it?
How did environment effect your
civilization before and after the
introduction of Islam?
• The Umayyad dynasty was after the religion of
Islam spread, so there is not actually a "before”
Islam
• After the Umayyad dynasty rose, the dynasty's
geographic features helped to improve the
society.
• The capital of Umayyad was at Damascus, a
commercial city in Syria, which was also a central
location that helped to maintain communication
with other Islamic empires.
Did your civilization expand their
empire? How did they do it (war,
trading, spread of religion)?
• Military conquest & Political domination (by
having caliphs)
• They enlarged the Islamic Empire dramatically
(positive)
– expanded as far as northern Africa and Spain, where
they ruled the southern Iberian peninsula from the
city of Cordoba
• Intensified conflicts with the Byzantine and
Persian Empires (negative)
– attacked Byzantine capital of Constantinople --> failed
to overthrow that regime
What was your economy based on?
How did Islam change it?
A. BEFORE
B. AFTER
BEFORE
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Politically: under Damascus in Syria
People decided to live in Syria after the murder of Uthman
Lived under a bureaucracy
Arab conquest state
Made army + imperial administration
No forced taxes
ONLY MUSLIN + ARAB PPL WERE FIRST CLASS CITIZENS
However, they tried to isolate the Muslim warrior elite so
they wouldn’t interact with non-Muslims
– Non + Muslim interaction= intermarriage
– Intermarriage=conversion
AFTER
• People started converting to Islam voluntarily even if
they knew they would get benefit economically and
socially by converting
• Muslim converts were not treated GREAT
• Had to pay taxes
• Accepted only as “clients of the powerful Arab clans”
(134)
• Because there were so many converts the “dhimmi,”
which is the greater population, the Muslims landlords
tolerated the dhimmi, but the dhimmi still had to pay
tax, etc. which helped the people accept Arab rule
What developments and changes of
social structure took place when
Islam came into control?
• When Islam became more dominant over the
society, the Umayyads started to be more strict
towards those who did not believe in Islam. For
example, they would start giving special taxes
called Jizya to those who did not convert to Islam.
• Also, other than discrimination to the people who
did not believe in Islam, not very many people
enjoyed wealth and positions of authority
because the society was exclusively for members
of the Arab military aristocracy.
What lead to the eventual downfall of
your civilization?
• As the Shia's began to rise in power
• In a battle for control of the empire against the forces of
Abu al-abbas, Umayyad was defeated
• Umayyad caliphs became alienated even from other Arabs
• Devoted themselves inreasingly to luxurious living rather
than to zealous leadership of the umma
• Scandalized devout Muslims by their casual attitudes
toward Islamic doctrine and morality
• By midcentury faced resistance from Shia faction
• Discontent of conquered peoples throughout their empire
• Rebellion in Persia
THANK YOU 