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Lesson Two Chinese Culture Chinese civilization Chinese characters ideograph指事字, pictogram象形字, compound ideogram会意字, phonogram 形声字, phonetic假借字 and derivative character转注字。 Chinese calligraphy common Chinese calligraphy sets Chinese religion Confucius statue at the Confucius Temple Confucius Confucius "Master Kung," (551 BCE - 479 BCE) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism or Taoism during the Han Dynasty. Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius Values of confucism “ritual” (礼) rén, (benevolence) "Filial piety"(孝) Loyalty (忠) The term "Jūnzǐ" (君子;nobleman) is crucial to classical Confucianism. Taoism Tao is also associated with the complex concept of De (德) “power; virtue; integrity”, that is, the active expression of Tao. Tao can be translated as path, or the way. De is the active living, or cultivation, of that "way". Wu wei (无为) is a central concept in Taoism. •Tao (pronounced "Dow") can be roughly translated into English as path, or the way. It is basically indefinable. It has to be experienced. It "refers to a power which envelops, surrounds and flows through all things, living and non-living. The Tao regulates natural processes and nourishes balance in the Universe. It embodies the harmony of opposites (i.e. there would be no love without hate, no light without dark, no male without female.)" The Yin Yang symbol: The yin and yang make a backwards "S" shape, with yin (black or red) on bottom. Taoist Buddhism Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhist tradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for all those who wish to follow a path - a path which ultimately culminates in Enlightenment or Buddha hood. There are around 350 million Buddhists and a growing number of them are Westerners. They follow many different forms of Buddhism, but all traditions are characterised by non-violence, lack of dogma, tolerance of differences, and, usually, by the practice of meditation. Chinese cuisine Beijing roast duck Mapo toufu Four Great Chinese Inventions: compass paper making printing