Download Confucius

Lesson Two
Chinese Culture
Chinese civilization
Chinese characters
ideograph指事字, pictogram象形字,
compound ideogram会意字, phonogram
形声字, phonetic假借字 and derivative
character转注字。
Chinese calligraphy
common Chinese calligraphy sets
Chinese religion
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Confucius statue at the
Confucius Temple
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Confucius
Confucius "Master Kung," (551 BCE - 479 BCE) was a Chinese
thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy
have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and
Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized
personal and governmental morality, correctness of social
relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained
prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism or
Taoism during the Han Dynasty.
Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of
philosophy known as Confucianism. It was introduced to Europe
by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the
name as "Confucius
Values of confucism
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“ritual” (礼)
rén, (benevolence)
"Filial piety"(孝)
Loyalty (忠)
The term "Jūnzǐ" (君子;nobleman) is
crucial to classical Confucianism.
Taoism
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Tao is also associated with the complex
concept of De (德) “power; virtue;
integrity”, that is, the active expression
of Tao. Tao can be translated as path,
or the way. De is the active living, or
cultivation, of that "way".
Wu wei (无为) is a central concept in
Taoism.
•Tao (pronounced "Dow") can be roughly translated into
English as path, or the way. It is basically indefinable. It has to
be experienced. It "refers to a power which envelops,
surrounds and flows through all things, living and non-living.
The Tao regulates natural processes and nourishes balance in
the Universe. It embodies the harmony of opposites (i.e. there
would be no love without hate, no light without dark, no male
without female.)"
The Yin Yang symbol: The yin and yang make a
backwards "S" shape, with yin (black or red) on bottom.
Taoist
Buddhism
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Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual
development leading to Insight into the true nature of
life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of
changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of
awareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience
developed within the Buddhist tradition over thousands
of years has created an incomparable resource for all
those who wish to follow a path - a path which
ultimately culminates in Enlightenment or Buddha hood.
There are around 350 million Buddhists and a growing
number of them are Westerners. They follow many
different forms of Buddhism, but all traditions are
characterised by non-violence, lack of dogma, tolerance
of differences, and, usually, by the practice of
meditation.
Chinese cuisine
Beijing roast duck
Mapo toufu
Four Great Chinese Inventions: compass
paper making
printing