Download Chapter Three: People and Ideas on the Move

Chapter 3.1 Pop Quiz!!
1. From where did the Indo Europeans
come?
A. Steppes
B. Europe
C. Indus River Valley
2. Name one of the technological achievements
of the Hittites.
3. What is the Aryan Caste System?
4. Define migration.
5. Tell one thing you learned from reading
chapter 3.1.
Warm-Up
B- sit down and answer the question on the
board.
K- sit down and answer the question on the
board
V- Sit down, do NOT talk, and answer the
question on the board
U- pick up at least 3 pieces of trash and then sit
in the back of the room and answer the
question on the board. Do NOT talk!
Chapter Three:
People and Ideas on the
Move
Essential Questions
1. Why did ancient ppl migrate from their
lands and how did they interact with
cultures in new lands?
2. Compare the development and beliefs
of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism.
Section One: The Indo-Europeans
I. Indo-Europeans Migrate



Indo-Europeans- nomadic, pastoral
ppl, tamed horses, rode chariots.
Came from the steppes- dry
grasslands that stretched north of the
Caucasus mountains
Caucasus mountains are b/w the
Black and Caspian Sea
A. The Indo-European Family
 Language ancestral to many modern
languages of Europe and Asia.
 English, Spanish, Persian, and Hindi
trace origins to original Indo-European
language
B. Aryans Transform India
 An Indo-European group called the Aryans
crossed into the Indus River Valley
 All that is known comes from their sacred
literature called the Vedas, which described
Aryan life.
 Vedas are a collection of 4 books containing
prayers, magical spells & instructions for
performing rituals.
 Rig Veda is a book from this collection that
contains over a thousand hymns.
 Early forms of the Veda were passed down
through stories.
The Indus River Valley
C. A Caste System Develops

Aryans physically distinct from ppl of
India- taller and lighter skinned

Called Indian ppl dasas - “dark”

a pastoral ppl, herders and counted their
wealth in cows

First arrived broken up into 3 social
classes:
1. Brahmins
2. Kshatriyas - Warriors
3. Vaishyas - Peasants or traders
Caste System Continued
Non-Aryan laborers or crafts ppl formed a
group called sudras
 As Aryans began to interact w/ non-Aryans
more they would make the non-Aryans do
the work they didn’t want to do.
 Skin color was a distinguishing feature of
this system
 Ppl were born into this caste system for life

Chapter 3.1 Assignment
To be done in your Journal
Write a thesis statement for the following
question: How would the caste system
affect a society?
Note- a thesis statement should be no
longer than 1-2 sentences and it should
take a position/make an argument.
Assignment:
Write a few sentences on each of the
following questions:
1. How did our “caste system” in class make you
feel?
2. How did it change your interactions with the
other students?
3. How do you think the caste system would
affect a society?
Section Two: Hinduism and
Buddhism
I. Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries
 a collection of religious beliefs that
developed slowly over time.
 Unlike the other major religions Hinduism
cannot be traced back to one founder with
a single set of ideas.
Hinduism
A. Origins and Beliefs
 Sometime b/w 750- 550 BC Hindu
teachers tried to interpret Vedic hymns
 interpretations written down, called the
Upanishads—written as dialogues b/w
priest/pupil
 discussions talk about moksha— a state
of perfect understanding of all things
How do I get to Moksha?
- In order to reach moksha a person must
understand relationship b/w atman &
Brahman
 Atman— individual soul of a living being
(each person’s soul)
 Brahman— world’s soul that contains and
unites all atmans
 Moksha usually not achieved in one
lifetime
Reincarnation
process of reincarnation used until moksha
is achieved
 Reincarnation— individual’s soul or spirit is
born again and again
 soul’s karma (good or bad deeds) follows
from one reincarnation to another
 Karma influences your caste system, state
of health, wealth or poverty…
B. Hinduism Changes and Develops

Brahman seen as having personalities
of three gods:
1. Brahma—the creator
2. Vishnu—the protector
3. Shiva—the destroyer
C. Hinduism Today
Hindus today free to worship any of the
3 gods they choose
 also free to pick any of 3 paths to reach
moksha:
1. Path of right thinking
2. Path of right action
3. Path of religious devotion

Hindu Gods
D. Hinduism and Society
 Hinduism strengthens the caste system


born high in the system= they are being
rewarded for karma in previous life.
born low in the system= being punished
for karma in previous life.
II. New Religions Arise
Two other religions have formed from
Hinduism: Jainism and Buddhism
 Jainism founded by Mahavria
 Belief that everything has a soul and
should not be harmed.
Buddhism
A. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
 Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism
 born to noble family, raised in isolation wanted to learn about the world
 grows up seeks enlightenment, how to
escape human suffering
 Tries many different methods - finally
reaches it through meditation
 After reaching enlightenment known as the
Buddha “the enlightened one”
The Buddha
B. Origins and Beliefs
 Buddhism based on the Four Noble Truths:
1. First Noble Truth—Life is filled w/
suffering and sorrow.
2. Second Noble Truth—cause of all
suffering is ppl’s selfish desire for
temporary pleasures of this world.
3. Third Noble Truth—way to end all
suffering is to end all desires.
4. Fourth Noble Truth—way to overcome
desires and attain enlightenment is to
follow the “Middle Way” b/w desires
and self-denial.
What is the “Middle Way?”
an Eightfold Path—right views, right resolve,
right speech, right conduct, right livelihood,
right effort, right mindfulness, and right
concentration.
 By following this path anyone could reach
nirvana—the Buddha’s concept of being
released from selfishness and pain- a
perfect state of being
C. Buddhism and Society
 Due Buddha’s rejection of the caste
system many early followers were
laborers and craftspeople.
 Monks and nuns vow to live a life of
poverty, nonviolence, and not marry.
 Monks and nuns are also responsible
for spreading Buddha’s teachings.
 Jatakas -Buddhist sacred writings.
 Trade also helped spread Buddhism
Buddhist Monk- Thích Quảng Đức
Thích Quảng Đức was a Vietnamese
Buddhist Monk who burned himself to
death at a busy Saigon road
intersection on 11 June 1963.
Quang Duc was protesting the
persecution of Buddhists by the South
Vietnamese government.
Photographs of his self-immolation
were circulated widely across the
world and brought attention to the
policies of the government.
President John F. Kennedy said in
reference to a photograph, "No news
picture in history has generated so
much emotion around the world as
that one.
Assignment
With a partner discuss what each “right”
might mean to a Buddhist and using
technology, find an example of the
principle in modern society. Then write a
phrase that defines what you’ve discussed
Right views, Right resolve, right speech,
right conduct, right livelihood, right effort,
right mindfulness, and right concentration.
The Eight Fold Path
Section Three: Seafaring
Traders
I. Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean
 Lived on Crete
 Minoans dominated trade along eastern
Mediterranean from 2000- 1400 BC.
 traded pottery, swords, figurines, and
vessels of precious metals.
 Influence others through trade esp. Greeks
A. Unearthing a Brilliant Civilization

Excavations of Knossos, capital city of
Minoan civilization, revealed many things:
Minoans were peaceful, athletic, lovers
of nature and beauty
Women had major role, esp. in religion
Sacrificed animals, sometimes ppl to
gods

Archaeologists name civilization Minoa
after King Minos—legendary king who
owned a minotaur
Minoan Bull Leaping
Knossos
B. Minoan Culture’s Mysterious End
 1470 BC- major earthquakes and
volcanic eruption do major damage.
 Minoans were not able to recover and
invaders from Greece take Minoan
lands.
C. Phoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization
 Became the most powerful traders after the
decline of the Minoans.
 Located in present day Lebanon.
 Skilled shipbuilders, believed to have traded
with ppl from Britain and may have sailed
around Africa
D. Commercial Outposts Around the
Mediterranean
 Most important city states were Sidon and
Tyre- both known for their production of
red-purple dye from a snail and Byblos a
trading center or papyrus.
 Greatest city state was Carthage.
D. Phoenicia’s Great Legacy: The Alphabet
 Invented alphabet to keep records of
trading transactions.
 The system was phonetic—that is, one
sign was used for one sound.
 The word alphabet comes from the first
two letters of the Phoenician alphabet:
aleph and beth
 The system was introduced to people they
traded with. Greeks adapted the system
and adjusted some of the letters.
The Phoenician Alphabet
Section Four: The Origins of
Judaism
I. The Search for a Promised Land
 Palestine, region on eastern shores of
Mediterranean.
 Hebrew ppl settled in Canaan, land
promised to them by God.
A. From Ur to Egypt
 Torah, first 5 books of Hebrew Bible, and
most sacred writings, tells early history of
Hebrews
 In Torah, God chose Abraham, a shepherd
who lived in Ur, to be father of Hebrew ppl
 Abraham moves family, herds from Ur to
Canaan around 1800 BC
 Around 1650 BC Abraham’s descendants
move to Egypt
B. The God of Abraham
 Hebrews are monotheists, believing in
one God only –Yahweh
 Yahweh is all powerful, not a physical
being
 A mutual promise, covenant, is made b/w
God and Abraham.
 Abraham promises to obey God, Yahweh
promises protection.
C. “Let My People Go”
 Hebrews forced to migrate to Egypt b/c of
a drought
 At first Hebrews are honored in Egyptian
kingdom, later become slaves
 Hebrews flee Egypt b/w 1300- 1200 BC,
this event is called “the Exodus”
 Moses led the Hebrews from Egypt
 As the Hebrews were leaving Egypt Moses
climbed Mt. Sinai to pray and returned w/
the 10 Commandments.
The Ten Commandments
1. Are there laws today that apply to
these ideas in the 10
commandments?
2. Do the first 4 commandments apply
to the Hebrews relationship with
god or one another
3. What do the last 6 commandments have
in common that distinguishes them from the
first 4?
II. The Land and People of the Bible
 Torah tells of Hebrews wandering in the
Sinai Desert for 40 years
 They arrive back in Canaan, form 12
tribes
 Change from nomads to herders,
farmers, and city dwellers
A. Hebrew Law
- Women and men have separate roles,
responsibilities
- Law includes strict justice softened by
mercy
- Prophets arise later to interpret the law
- They teach ppl to live moral lives
B. The Kingdom of Israel
 Canaan is land that Hebrews believe God
promised them
 Canaan land is harsh (desert, rocky
wilderness, grassy hills, water scarce)
Hebrews expand south and north.
C. Saul and David Establish a Kingdom
 Hebrews threatened by Philistines in
north
 Only one tribe remains, Judah, Hebrew
ppl called Jews religion called Judaism
 From 1020 to 922 BC Hebrews unite
under one king, King David- new
kingdom called Israel
 King David estb Jerusalem as capital
III. Solomon Builds the Kingdom
- David’s son, Solomon, becomes king, makes
Israel a trading empire with the help of the
Phoenicians
- He builds a magnificent temple and royal
palace in Jerusalem.
A. The Kingdom Divides
 High taxes and forced labor lead Jews
in north to revolt.
 By 922 BC the kingdom divides in two—
Israel in north and Judah in south.
 200 years of conflict between the 2
kingdoms follows
B. The Babylonian Captivity
 722 BC- Assyrians attacked, conquered
the northern kingdom of Israel
 586 BC- Babylonian Empire conquered
both Assyrian held Israel and JudahHebrew ppl were exiled to Babylon to be
slaves
 539 BC- Persia defeated Babylon, allowed
40,000 Hebrews to return to Jerusalem to
rebuild the temple and city
 In the years to come Jerusalem would fall
to many other empires
Hinduism
Founder/people
God/gods
Sacred Writings
Goal for life
Basic beliefshow to reach the
goal
Buddhism
Judaism
#floodproblems
On page 83 in your
textbook, read the three
different stories about a
flood from different faiths.
Answer the questions as
a group.
Add one different Twitterstyle tweet on each story
that is no more than 140
characters long and
includes a hashtag.