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Buddhism The Human Condition – o The 3 Marks of Existence o The 4 Noble Truths oThe 1st Noble Truth (Life is Dukkha) o The 2nd Noble Truth (Dukkha is caused by Tanha) o The Life of the Buddha The Goals o Karma o The 3rd Noble Truth (You can stop Dukkha by stoping Tanha) o Nibbana The Means – o The Three Jewels o The Noble Eightfold Path / The 4th Noble Truth oThe 5 precepts oMeditation and Prayer The Means Three Jewels The goals of existence are to make progress towards enlightenment and finally to attain it. How are the goals achieved? Through the Means • The Three Jewels are part of the means The Three Jewels • The Three Jewels are the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha • Also known as Three Refuges. • The Dhamma could not have been taught without the Buddha, and could not have been followed without the Sangha, so the three are inseparable. • They are known as the Three Refuges, because the Buddhist promise of devotion says: “I take refuge in the Buddha, I take refuge in the Dhamma, I take refuge in the Sangha.” • Taking refuge is making a promise to be devoted to the Buddha and his teachings. • It is also a sign of the support structure of the religion – a refuge is somewhere you turn for security and guidance Dhamma • Can mean ‘teachings’ / truth / way / etc • It is sometimes used to mean Buddhism • Usually seen as Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path • Scriptures can be dhamma • Central to Buddhism • Like a raft – to be used to reach enlightenment Sangha • • • • Community of Buddhists Specifically monks Monks = bhikkus Can become a monk for life, or just a short time • Monks live by 10 Precepts and many other rules in Vinaya Pitaka scriptures (laity only use 5 Precepts) • Differences between monks and laity will differ depending on school of Buddhism