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-1What the Buddha Taught A series of lecture-discussions sponsored by Oxford Soto Zen Suggested by Les Kaye Led by Jimmyle Listenbee Based on What the Buddha Taught by Walpola Rahula -2Lecture 6 Chapter 5-A (pp. 45 - 47: The Four Noble Truths The 4th Noble Truth: MAGGA: “The Path” -3The Four Noble Truths I. II. III. IV. Dukkha Samudaya, the arising or origin of dukkha Nirodha, the cessation of dukkha Magga, the way leading to the cessation of dukkha -4The 4th Noble Truth: The Way Leading to the Cessation of Dukkha AKA: “The Noble Eightfold Path” “The Middle Way” -5The Middle Path Avoids two extremes: • The search for happiness through the Pleasures of the Senses (“low, common, unprofitable, the way of ordinary [ignorant] people”) • The search for happiness through selfmortification (“painful, unworthy, unprofitable, the way of the ascetics”) -6The Noble Eightfold Path (a composite - not linear - list) 1. 2. 3. 4. Right Understanding Right Thought Right Speech Right Action 5. 6. 7. 8. Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration -7- Buddha’s Essential Practice Practical Guide for all Buddhist Practice The 8 divisions of the path are not “stepping stones”, but are to be practiced and developed simultaneously, as far as possible, according to the capacity of the individual. They are all linked together, and each helps the cultivation of the others. -8The Three Essentials of Buddhist Training & Discipline a) Ethical Conduct (Sila) b) Mental Discipline (Samadhi) c) Wisdom (Pañña) The Eightfold Path aims at perfecting and promoting these. The Eight Divisions of the Path can be grouped under these three headings. -9Three Headings Wisdom ① Right Understanding ② Right Thought Ethical Conduct ③ Right Speech ④ Right Action ⑤ Right Livelihood Mental Discipline ⑥ Right Effort ⑦ Right Mindfulness ⑧ Right Concentration --- We’ll start with Ethical Conduct -10Buddhist “Perfection” There are two qualities to be developed: Wisdom and Compassion Read p. 46 “Here compassion represents love…inseparably linked together, as we shall see later.” -11Ethical Conduct [is] Based on Compassion ③ Right Speech = Abstention from 1 Lying 2 Backbiting, etc. 3 Harsh, malicious language, etc. 4 Idle gossip, etc. 5 Careless, thoughtless utterances (p. 47) DISCUSSION -12(3) Right Speech (Positive Qualities) 1 2 3 4 Speaking truth Friendly, benevolent language Pleasant, gentle words Meaningful and useful information (p. 47) DISCUSSION -13- (4) Right Action Promotes moral, honorable, peaceful conduct – for self, and to help others to lead peaceful, honorable lives. Abstain from: 1 Killing 3 Dishonest Dealing 2 Stealing 4 Illegitimate Sex DISCUSSION -14- (5) Right Livelihood Abstain from making one’s living through a profession that brings harm to others Such as: 1 Dealing in weapons, alcohol, drugs, poisons; 2 Otherwise bringing harm to living creatures. One should live by a blameless profession. DISCUSSION -15Individual & Society • Buddhist ethical and moral conduct aims to promote a happy, healthy, harmonious life for the individual & society. • Is strongly opposed to war [& to animal and environmental abuse]. -16Ethical Conduct is the Foundation of Buddhist Practice This moral conduct is considered as the indispensable foundation for all higher spiritual attainments. No spiritual development is possible without this moral basis.