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Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Test Review Plate Tectonics 1. When rock changes its shape due to stress, this reaction is called ____________________. deformation 2. The stress that occurs when two tectonic plates collide is called ____________________. compression Plate Tectonics 3. _________________________ is the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere. Plate tectonics 4. The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere is called a ___________. subduction zone Plate Tectonics 5.When Earth's magnetic poles change place, this is called a(n) ____________________ reversal. magnetic 6. _________________________ are underwater mountain chains that run through Earth's ocean basins. Mid-ocean ridges Plate Tectonics 7. _________________________ is the process by which new oceanic lithosphere is created as older materials are pulled away. Sea-floor spreading 8. The center of the Earth is called the ____________________. core Plate Tectonics 9. Anticlines and synclines are the result of ____________________. folding 10. The ridge in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean formed along a ____________________ boundary. divergent Plate Tectonics 11. Earth's ____________________ is liquid. outer core 12. _____ type of mountain is the only one that is formed by adding new material to the Earth's surface. volcanic Plate Tectonics 13. Mountains with sharp, jagged peaks, such as the Tetons, in western Wyoming, that are produced when sedimentary rock layers are tilted up by faulting are called ____ mountains. fault-block 14. The Mariana trench is the deepest point in the oceans—11,033 m below sea level. This trench was formed at a ____ boundary, where one tectonic plate was subducted beneath the other. convergent Plate Tectonics 15. A ____ fault often results when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally. strike-slip 16. The type of fault that often results when rocks are pulled apart due to tension is called a _____. normal fault Plate Tectonics 17. When horizontal stress acts on a rock, ____ and ___form. synclines and anticlines 18. When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, the boundary between them is called a _____. transform boundary Plate Tectonics 19. ____ is the process by which hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks. Convection 20. Wegener's continental drift theory suggests that at 245 million years a single landmass was surrounded by a sea called _____. Panthalassa Plate Tectonics 21. The North American plate consists _____. of both continental and oceanic crust 22. The thinnest part of a tectonic plate lies beneath _____. the middle of the ocean 23. There are_____ major tectonic plates. ten Plate Tectonics 24. The ____ is divided into tectonic plates. lithosphere 25. The ____ is made of solid rock that flows very slowly. asthenosphere 26. The word asthenosphere means _____. "weak sphere" Plate Tectonics 27. The word lithosphere means "rock sphere" 28. The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move is called the _____. asthenosphere 29. The strong, lower part of the mantle that lies beneath the asthenosphere is called the _____. mesosphere Plate Tectonics 33. The outermost, rigid layer of the Earth is called the _____. lithosphere 34. The diameter of the Earth's core is slightly larger than the diameter of _____. Mars 35. Scientists have learned that the mantle's composition has large amounts of _____. iron and magnesium Plate Tectonics 36. Earth's lightest materials make up the _____. crust 37. _____ appears to cause movement of Earth's tectonic plates. convection currents below the lithosphere 38. The speed of seismic waves depends on the ____ of the layer through which they travel. density Plate Tectonics 39. _____makes up most of the Earth's mass. Mantle 40. The type of mountain involving huge sections of the Earth's crust being pushed up into anticlines and synclines is the _____. folded mountain Plate Tectonics 41. The San Andreas fault is an example of a _____. transform boundary 42. The part of the Earth on which the tectonic plates are able to move is the _____. asthenosphere Plate Tectonics 43. The part of the Earth that is a liquid is the _____. outer core 44. The asthenosphere is the thinnest layer. False 45.Temperature and pressure increase toward the center of the Earth. True Plate Tectonics • The inner core of the Earth is solid and made primarily of iron. • True • The crust is the Earth's only solid layer. • False