Download Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics
Test Review
Plate Tectonics
1. When rock changes its shape due
to stress, this reaction is called
____________________.
deformation
2. The stress that occurs when two
tectonic plates collide is called
____________________.
compression
Plate Tectonics
3. _________________________ is
the theory that the Earth's
lithosphere is divided into tectonic
plates that move around on top of
the asthenosphere.
Plate tectonics
4. The region where oceanic plates
sink down into the asthenosphere is
called a ___________.
subduction zone
Plate Tectonics
5.When Earth's magnetic poles
change place, this is called a(n)
____________________ reversal.
magnetic
6. _________________________ are
underwater mountain chains that
run through Earth's ocean basins.
Mid-ocean ridges
Plate Tectonics
7. _________________________ is
the process by which new oceanic
lithosphere is created as older
materials are pulled away.
Sea-floor spreading
8. The center of the Earth is called the
____________________.
core
Plate Tectonics
9. Anticlines and synclines are the
result of ____________________.
folding
10. The ridge in the middle of the
Atlantic Ocean formed along a
____________________ boundary.
divergent
Plate Tectonics
11. Earth's ____________________
is liquid.
outer core
12. _____ type of mountain is the only
one that is formed by adding new
material to the Earth's surface.
volcanic
Plate Tectonics
13. Mountains with sharp, jagged peaks, such as
the Tetons, in western Wyoming, that are
produced when sedimentary rock layers are
tilted up by faulting are called ____ mountains.
fault-block
14. The Mariana trench is the deepest point in the
oceans—11,033 m below sea level. This trench
was formed at a ____ boundary, where one
tectonic plate was subducted beneath the other.
convergent
Plate Tectonics
15. A ____ fault often results when
opposing forces cause rock to break
and move horizontally.
strike-slip
16. The type of fault that often results
when rocks are pulled apart due to
tension is called a _____.
normal fault
Plate Tectonics
17. When horizontal stress acts on a
rock, ____ and ___form.
synclines and anticlines
18. When two tectonic plates slide
past each other horizontally, the
boundary between them is called a
_____.
transform boundary
Plate Tectonics
19. ____ is the process by which hot
material from deep within the Earth rises
while cooler material near the surface
sinks.
Convection
20. Wegener's continental drift theory
suggests that at 245 million years a
single landmass was surrounded by a
sea called _____.
Panthalassa
Plate Tectonics
21. The North American plate consists
_____.
of both continental and oceanic crust
22. The thinnest part of a tectonic plate lies
beneath _____.
the middle of the ocean
23. There are_____ major tectonic plates.
ten
Plate Tectonics
24. The ____ is divided into tectonic plates.
lithosphere
25. The ____ is made of solid rock that
flows very slowly.
asthenosphere
26. The word asthenosphere means _____.
"weak sphere"
Plate Tectonics
27. The word lithosphere means
"rock sphere"
28. The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of
the lithosphere move is called the _____.
asthenosphere
29. The strong, lower part of the mantle that lies
beneath the asthenosphere is called the _____.
mesosphere
Plate Tectonics
33. The outermost, rigid layer of the Earth
is called the _____.
lithosphere
34. The diameter of the Earth's core is
slightly larger than the diameter of _____.
Mars
35. Scientists have learned that the
mantle's composition has large amounts
of _____.
iron and magnesium
Plate Tectonics
36. Earth's lightest materials make up the _____.
crust
37. _____ appears to cause movement of Earth's
tectonic plates.
convection currents below the lithosphere
38. The speed of seismic waves depends on the
____ of the layer through which they travel.
density
Plate Tectonics
39. _____makes up most of the
Earth's mass.
Mantle
40. The type of mountain involving
huge sections of the Earth's crust
being pushed up into anticlines and
synclines is the _____.
folded mountain
Plate Tectonics
41. The San Andreas fault is an
example of a _____.
transform boundary
42. The part of the Earth on which the
tectonic plates are able to move is
the _____.
asthenosphere
Plate Tectonics
43. The part of the Earth that is a liquid is
the _____.
outer core
44. The asthenosphere is the thinnest
layer.
False
45.Temperature and pressure increase
toward the center of the Earth.
True
Plate Tectonics
• The inner core of the Earth is solid
and made primarily of iron.
• True
• The crust is the Earth's only solid
layer.
• False