* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 11.30-plate-tectonics
Survey
Document related concepts
Post-glacial rebound wikipedia , lookup
Spherical Earth wikipedia , lookup
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Abyssal plain wikipedia , lookup
Oceanic trench wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Tectonic–climatic interaction wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
APES 11/30 and 12/1 • Please take out your plate tectonics lab and map • Log in to a computer • Grab your folder • Got a soil sample? Label it and put in by the fume hood Folder Grading 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 current events (both stamped): 20 pts. Unit 3 FRQs: 10 pts. Wolf FRQ: 5 pts. Biome Spreadsheet: 5 pts. - Graded (mostly!) on completion since you correct your FRQs in class Learning Targets Plate Tectonics HW Review • 5 min: check in with your group to get questions answered. I’ll be circulating! • Put your gold lab in the inbox and your map in your folder. What is on AP test: I. Earth Systems and Resources (10-15%) A. Earth Science Concepts (Geologic time scale; plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanism; seasons; solar intensity and latitude) B. The Atmosphere (Ch. 4) C. Global Water Resources/Use (after break) D. Soil and Soil Dynamics (later this week) What’s Inside the Earth? Earth Profile by Texture LITHOSPHERE • Hard & brittle • Earth’s Crust +Uppermost mantle • “Plates” ASTHENOSPHERE • Highly Viscous • 2nd Upper-most mantle • Convection current that carries the plates Ocean and Continental Crust OCEAN crust • Denser • Thinner • Eventually subducted • Relatively young CONTINENTAL crust • Less dense • Thicker • Rarely/never subducted • Oldest crust on Earth Theory of Continental Drift • Continents were formed from the drifting apart of one super continent Pangaea • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0806/es0806page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Found evidence of similar fossils and geological formations on different continents • The shape of continents also seemed to “fit” together Fossil & Geologic Evidence Big flaw with theory: How did the continents actually move? Theory of Plate Tectonics • Outer “shell” of Earth is broken into plates (lithosphere) • Plates are carried by convection cells in asthenosphere • Moving plates collide, diverge, or slide by each other • Explained Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift Convection cells in asthenosphere (upper mantle) cause sea floor spreading Convergent Boundaries 1. Continental/Oceanic • Denser ocean crust is subducted under. • Deep trench, strong earthquakes • Energy of subduction often creates volcanic mountain range on continent http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/subduction_5.htm • Examples: Andes Mts. Cascade Mts. • http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kplu/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_ID=1402653§ionID=13 Convergent Boundaries 2. Oceanic/Oceanic http://education .sdsc.edu/optip uter/flash/conv ergance2.htm • Slower plate is subducted (pulled under) • Outcome = volcanic islands, strong earthquakes, tsunamis, deep trenches • Ex: Aleutian islands (Alaska), Hawaiian Islands, Japan, Southeast Asia Hot Spots • Magma flows from a weak spot/vent in the crust creating a volcano • Crust above the vent is moving • Forms a chain of land that varies in age down the chain (i.e. Hawaii) • Why is Nihau the oldest Hawaiian Island? Hawaii the youngest? • What island still has active volcanoes? In a hundred years will it still have an active volcano? Why or why not? Types of Volcanoes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdhARb2PGqA • Composite = Alt. layers of lava flows, ash, and cinder • Infrequent but explosive eruptions • Usually large and conical • Occur along subduction zones Ex: Mt Hood, Mt. Rainier, Mt Shasta Convergent Boundaries 3. Continental/Continental • Continental Crust is light, so no subduction • Instead, piles of crumpled, folded crust = tall mountains • Examples: Himalayan Mts., Appalachian Mts., Alps Himalayan Formation http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a823-formation-ofthe-himalayas Divergent Boundary • Normal Fault • Mostly below the ocean • Sea Floor Spreading - Forms new crust • http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/seafloorspread.htm • Example: Mid Atlantic Ridge, Rift Valley in Africa Great Rift Valley- Africa Age of Seafloor Transform Plate Boundaries • 2 plates sliding in opposite directions • E.g. San Andreas Fault • http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/SanAndreas.htm Faults • Fractures in crust • Occur along plate boundaries, but occasionally occur in the middle of a plate • Rigidity of crust builds up tension; eventually slippage occurs to release tension this is an earthquake What causes the seasons? • Earth’s Tilt: 23.5 degrees. • The rotation of the earth around the sun. • Direct sunlight vs. Indirect sunlight. Solar Intensity vs. Latitude • Lower latitudes are nearest to the equator • They always receive more intense sunlight than “higher” latitudes • N and S hemispheres differ in solar intensity depending on season Test Corrections! • Multiple Choice only – Show new content learning • All retakes and corrections due Friday – Retakes for scores of 22 and below • Done early? Find the Ch. 8 assignment and start Module 24. Due Next Time • Gold Day: Module 24 (see online assignment!)