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REMEMBERING 2O10’S SEVERE
WINDSTORMS – PART 1
Xynthia
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic
Basin
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific
Basin
Typhoons
Cyclones
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
2010
THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND
NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL
DISASTERS
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND FIELD (COUNTER CLOCKWISE
OR CLOCKWISE DIRECTION; CAT 1 (55
mph) TO CAT 5 (155 mph or greater)
• STORM SURGE
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION
• TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
WIND PENETRATING
BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
Rain, floods, landslides,
and water-borne diseases
are typical after a tropical
storm, hurricane,
typhoon, or cyclone.
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
SEVERE WINDSTORM
RISK REDUCTION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREVENTION/MITIGATION
•PREPAREDNESS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
IMPACTED NATIONS
Western Europe (France,
Portugal, Spain), Caribbean
(Haiti, Dominican Republic,
Bermuda, Jamaica, Antigua,
Montserrat, St. Kitts, Nevis,
Anguilla, St. Maarten, St. Martin,
Saint Lucia, Atlantic Canada, …
IMPACTED NATIONS
(Continued)
St Barthelemy, Saba, and St
Eustatius, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands), Central America
(Guatemala, El Salvador,
Honduras), Cuba, …
IMPACTED NATIONS
(Continued)
Mexico, USA (Texas, East
Coast), The Philippines, Taiwan,
China, …
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING
2010
• High winds, storm
surges, heavy rains,
landslides affected
millions.
• Hundreds of
thousands of homes
without power,
damaged,
destroyed, or
inundated.
• Hundreds of
thousands
evacuated.
• Lives and
livelihoods of
millions impacted.
• Gulf oil leak and
Clean up slowed
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING
2010 (Continued)
• Infrastructure
damaged and
destroyed.
• Oil and gas
platforms
impacted.
• $ billions in
insured and
uninsured
economic
losses.
WINDSTORM XYNTHIA
FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010
WHAT WAS XYNTHIA?
Xynthia, a violent European
windstorm with winds up to
140km/hr, crossed Western
Europe on 26–28 February 2010,
and was the most violent storm
since “Lothar” and “Martin” in
December 1999
A powerful storm surge with waves
up to 7.5 m (25 ft) high hit at high
tide and smashed through a 200year-old sea wall off France’s
coastal town of L’Aiquillon-Sur-Mer
XYNTHIA: FLOODING IN
FRANCE
Xynthia:
1) caused flooding, 2)
cut power to more than 1 million
homes in France and Portugal,
respectively, 3) disrupted travel in
Spain, 4) tore roofs off houses, 5)
downed trees, 6) caused at least 51
deaths, and 7) caused losses
estimated at $1.8 B ($1.4 insured).
The 2010 season was
predicted to be less severe
than 2009 in the Pacific
Basin and more severe in
the Atlantic Basin because
of the diminished El Nino
conditions
The Eastern Pacific is, on average,
the second-most active basin in the
world with an average of 16 tropical
storms annually, with 9 becoming
hurricanes, and 4 becoming major
hurricanes, frequently impacting
mainland Mexico and the
Revillagigedo Islands, and
infrequently the USA.
PACIFIC BASIN TROPICAL
STORMS – HURRICANES: 2010
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AGATHA
BLAS
CELIA (H)
DARBY (H)
ESTELLE
FRANK (H)
…
AGATHA’S PATH
BLAS’ PATH: JUNE 21
•
•
•
•
•
AGATHA
BLAS
CELIA
DARBY
FRANK
CELIA’S PATH: JUNE 29
•
•
•
•
•
AGATHA
BLAS
CELIA
DARBY
FRANK
DARBY’S PATH:JUNE 29
•
•
•
•
•
AGATHA
BLAS
CELIA
DARBY
FRANK
FRANK’S PATH: AUGUST 29
•
•
•
•
•
AGATHA
BLAS
CELIA
DARBY
FRANK
TROPICAL STORM AGATHA
STRIKES GUATEMALA
SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA
ERUPTS
FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON
FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION
MAY 27-29, 2010
Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak,
but catastrophic storm that made
landfall near the Guatemala-Mexico
border on the evening of May 29.
Before the arrival of Tropical Storm
Agatha, the Pacava volcano,
located 25 km south of Guatemala
City, started spewing lava and ash
on Friday, May 28th, forcing the
evacuation of hundreds.
PACAVA ERUPTS: MAY 28
Agatha produced torrential rain all
across Central America, which
resulted in the death of one person
in Nicaragua. 152 in Guatemala
(with another 100 missing because
of landslides), and 13 in El
Salvador.
TORRENTIAL RAINS
SINKHOLE: GUATEMALA
CITY
66 FT WIDE AND 100 FT DEEP
SINKHOLE
SINKHOLE
SINKHOLE
SINKHOLE
Sam Bonis, a geologist from
Dartmouth, said that Guatemala
City is sitting on a bed of old
volcanic ash that has not
completely lithified (turned into
solid rock), and that he believed
that the sinkhole was caused by
leaking pipes underground.
Remnants of the storm were
expected to deliver 10 to 20 in (25 to
50 cm) of rain over southeastern
Mexico, Guatemala and parts of El
Salvador, creating the possibility of
"life-threatening flash floods and
mudslides.”
TYPHOON CHANTHU
(Category 1)
July 17-23, 2010
TYPHOON CHANTHU: A CAT
1 STORM
SUPER TYPHOON MEGI
(MEANS “CATFISH” IN
KOREAN) STRIKES THE
PHILIPPINES THEN TAIWAN
AND CHINA
OCT 18-25, 2010
Megi, known locally as Juan,
was a category 5 super typhoon,
the highest rating, with winds of
more than 250 kph and a
diameter of over 600 km when it
made landfall at Sierra Madre’s
Estagno Point in Isabela at
11:25 a.m. on Monday.
MEGI: 600 KM ACROSS
(NASA PHOTO)
MEGI’S FINAL PATH
(AS OF OCT 24TH)
THE PHILIPPINES
October 18th
Megi tore roofs off houses,
destroyed rice crops, toppled
trees, ripped down power lines,
triggered landslides in the
mountains and whipped up huge
waves.
.
MEGI’S WIND FIELD LEFT A PATH
OF DESTRUCTION
HOUSES OF THE POOREST
OF THE POOR DESTROYED
MEGI’S WIND TEARING OFF
ROOFS OF GOVERNMENT HOUSES
HOUSES SUBMERGED
MEGI’S WIND KNOCKED OUT
POWER
Initial estimates indicate that
Megi’s damage to
infrastructure, agriculture,
fisheries and schools in the
Philippines reached 1.4
billion Philippine pesos ($32
million).
Loss of communications
made it impossible at first to
estimate casualties, but data
later indicated that loss of life
was only about twenty-two
people.
TAIWAN
October 21
TAIWAN: WAVES GENERATED
BY TYPHOON MEGI
TAIWAN: FLOODING
GENERATED BY TYPHOON MEGI
LANDSLIDE - SUHUA
HIGHWAY, TAIWAN: OCT 21
CHINA
October 23
While Taiwan was experiencing
high winds, severe flooding and
landslides on the 21st , China
was evacuated 160,000 people
and called in fishing boats
before the expected onslaught
of Megi on Friday (Oct 22nd).
10,000 BOATS RECALLED IN
FUJIAN PROVINCE: OCT 21
As a result of preparations in
Fujian, Guangdong and Zhejiang
provinces, no major casualties
were reported after landfall.
Nevertheless, more than 647,900
people and 26,190 hectares of
crops were affected by the
typhoon, which flattened 500
houses, forced 313,200 people
to evacuate their homes, and
caused losses estimated at
$238 million.