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8th Grade Earth Science Chapter17 Key Terms Section 1 1. air mass: a huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure throughout 2. anticyclone: a high-pressure system of dry air 3. continental: a dry air mass that forms over land 4. cyclone: a swirling center of low air pressure 5. front: the boundary where unlike air masses meet but do not mix 6. maritime: a humid air mass that forms over oceans 7. occluded: cut off, as in a front where warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses 8. polar: a cold air mass that forms north of 50o north latitude or south of 50o south latitude and has high air pressure 9. tropical a warm air mass that forms in the tropics and has low air pressure Section 2 1. evacuate: to move away from an area temporarily to avoid hurricane conditions 2. hurricane: a tropical storm that has winds of about 119 kilometers per hour or higher 3. lightning: a sudden spark, or energy discharge, caused when electrical charges jump between parts of a cloud, between nearby clouds, or between a cloud and the ground 4. storm: a violent disturbance in the atmosphere 5. storm surge: a “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands. 6. thunderstorm: a small storm accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning 7. tornado: a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch Earth’s surface. Section 3 1. isobar: a line on a weather map that joins places that have the same air pressure 2. isotherm: a line on a weather map that joins places that have the same temperature 3. meteorologist: a scientist who studies the causes of weather and tries to predict it