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NITROGEN CYCLE • The movement of nitrogen from the nonliving environment into living things and back WATER CYCLE • The continuous movement of water through the atmosphere, the ground, bodies of water, and living things CARBON CYCLE • The movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back POLLUTION • The presence of harmful of unwanted levels of substances in the environment ROCK CYCLE • The continual process by which new rock is formed from old roc k material LITHOSPHERE • “Rock Sphere” – the cool, rigid, outermost layer of the Earth that is divided into pieces called tectonic plates IGNEOUS • Rock that forms when hot, liquid rock cools and hardens SEDIMENTARY • Rock that forms when pieces of rocks or minerals are “glued” together METAMORPHIC • Rock that forms when existing rock is heated and squeezed deep inside the Earth UPLIFTING • The rising of regions of Earth’s crust to higher elevations WEATHERING • The process by which water, ice, wind, and heat act to break down rocks EROSION • The process by which wind, water, ice, and gravity remove and transport material from one place to another DEPOSITION • Process by which sediments are deposited/dro pped in a new location LAVA • Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface MAGMA • Hot, liquid rock material THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT • The theory that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS • The theory that the lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere CONVERGENT BOUNDARY • The boundary between two colliding tectonic plates DIVERGENT BOUNDARY • The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other TRANSFORM BOUNDARY • The boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other SUBDUCTION • When oceanic lithosphere sinks down into the asthenosphere at a convergent boundary TECTONIC PLATE • Huge pieces of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere. CONVECTION CURRENTS • The circular motion of liquids or gases caused by density differences that result from temperature differences FAULT • The type of strain that occurs when rocks break because of stress FOLD • They type of strain that occurs when rocks bend because of stress NORMAL FAULT • A fault in which the hanging wall moves down because of tension. REVERSE FAULT • A fault in which the hanging wall moves up because of compression. STRIKE-SLIP FAULT • A fault in which the plates move horizontally past each other because of shearing. TENSION • A force that causes rocks to be pulled apart COMPRESSION • The type of stress in which an object is squeezed, as when two plates collide SHEARING • A force that causes rocks to slide horizontally past each other TEST YOURSELF! Howdy partners