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An Interactive Adventure Press Space Bar to Continue To end session – Press Here Discover the Depths of the Earth Time to Dig in… Level 1 – Earth’s Surface – The Lithosphere Level 2 – Earth’s Mantle - The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core How do we KNOW these levels exist? Explore the Depths - Test Your Knowledge The Lithosphere Press to continue The Lithosphere is the upper surface of the earth composed of the SOLID upper mantle which is made up of the earth’s crust including both Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust. The Lithosphere The various Continental Plates link together to make up the Lithosphere. Press to continue The Earth’s Mantle The earth’s mantle actually exists in two distinct layers. The upper Mantle is composed of rock with the consistency of plastic (like silly putty) called The Asthenosphere The lower layer of the Mantle is rigid and solid. Press to continue The Earth’s Mantle The Asthenosphere The continental plates drift over the soft asthenosphere as the heat of the earth’s core rises creating currents that Result in Continental Drift. Press to continue The Outer Core The Outer Core of the Earth consists of liquid rock composed of Iron with 12% sulphur silicon, oxygen, nickel and potassium Press to continue The Inner Core The Inner Core of the Earth consists of SOLID rock composed of Iron with 10-20% nickel. Some physicists believe that the movement of electrical charges between the inner and outer core produce the earth’s magnetic field. Press to continue How do we KNOW these levels exist? Seismologists study Earthquakes. Earthquakes produce shock waves that travel through the earth and can be measured on the other side of the earth. P waves (primary waves) go through solid and liquid. The vibrate differently passing through solids than when they pass in liquid. S waves (secondary waves) only go through solids. Press to continue How do we KNOW these levels exist? P waves (primary waves) go through solid and liquid. They vibrate differently passing through solids than when they pass in liquid. S waves (secondary waves) only go through solids. Press to continue Explore the Depths – Test Your Knowledge Which level is SOLID Iron & Nickel? A. B. C. D. Level 1 – The Lithosphere Level 2 – The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer CORRECT… Way to GO!!! Press to continue OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN! Press to continue Explore the Depths – Test Your Knowledge Which level is LIQUID and is composed of Iron & Nickel? A. B. C. D. Level 1 – The Lithosphere Level 2 – The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer CORRECT… Way to GO!!! Press to continue OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN! Press to continue Explore the Depths – Test Your Knowledge Upon which level does the crust of the Earth drift? A. B. C. D. Level 1 – The Lithosphere Level 2 – The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer CORRECT… Way to GO!!! Press to continue OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN! Press to continue Explore the Depths – Test Your Knowledge Which level is SOLID and is composed of the Continental Plates? A. B. C. D. Level 1 – The Lithosphere Level 2 – The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer CORRECT… Way to GO!!! Press to continue OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN! Press to continue Explore the Depths – Test Your Knowledge Which level probably produces the Earth’s magnetic field? A. B. C. D. Level 1 – The Lithosphere Level 2 – The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer CORRECT… Way to GO!!! Press to continue OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN! Press to continue Explore the Depths – Test Your Knowledge On which level is found both Oceanic & Continental crust? A. B. C. D. Level 1 – The Lithosphere Level 2 – The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer CORRECT… Way to GO!!! Press to continue OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN! Press to continue Thank you for using this Tutorial Resources Unless indicated otherwise, all scientific information and graphics are taken from Monroe, J., Wicander, R., and Hazlett, R. (2007) Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth. 6th Edition. California: Thomson Brooks/Cole. “Major Tectonic Plates of the World” graphic retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect2/F1-15.jpg Continental “Convection Currents” graphic retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://www.stvincent.ac.uk/Resources/EarthSci/Tectonics/images/convection.gif