Download Slide 1

EARTHQUAKES
&
VOLCANOES
Which seismic
waves are the
fastest?
P waves
Which seismic
waves are the first
to be recorded?
P waves
Which seismic
waves are the
second to be
recorded?
S waves
Which seismic waves can
only travel through
solids?
S waves
Which seismic
waves are the
slowest?
L waves
Which seismic
waves travel on
the surface?
L waves
What is the
boundary between
the crust and the
mantle due to the
change of speed of
seismic waves?
Moho
What are the areas
called where
neither S nor P
waves can be
detected?
Shadow zones
What is the theory
that says energy
builds up on each
side of a fault and
the rocks move
slowly and then
spring back to their
original shape?
Elastic rebound
theory
What are small
tremors that occur
after the first
release of energy?
aftershocks
What is the area
where the slippage
first occurs inside
the earth?
focus
What is the point
on earth’s surface
directly above the
focus?
epicenter
What are the
three
classifications of
foci?
Shallow, intermediate,
and deep
What are the three major
earthquake zones?
1. Pacific Ring of Fire
2. Mid-ocean ridges
3. Eurasian –
Mediterranean mt.
belt
What is the name of
the fault in California
where the Pacific
plate and North
American plate slide
past each other?
San Andreas Fault
(technically it’s the N.
American plate and the
Juan de Fuca plate)
What is the device
used to record
earthquakes?
Seismograph
How many stations
are needed to
locate an
earthquake?
three
Which scale
measures the
magnitude or the
amount of energy
released from an
earthquake?
Richter Scale
What are the
numbers for the
Richter scale?
Arabic Numerals
They begin a 1-2 and
it is an open-ended
scale, based on the
seismograph’s
reading.
Which scale
measures the
intensity or
amount of damage
from an
earthquake?
Mercalli
What are the
numbers for the
Mercalli Scale?
Roman numerals
What can be
generated from an
earthquake with an
epicenter on the
ocean floor?
Tsunami
What is the molten
rock beneath
earth’s surface
called?
magma
What is molten rock on
earth’s surface called?
lava
What is it called
when one plate
moves under
another plate and
forms volcanic
mountains?
subduction
What is it called
when plates move
apart and magma
rises to form new
ocean floor?
Sea-floor
spreading
What are areas of
volcanic activity
within a plate (not
on a boundary)
called?
Intraplate volcanism
(aka hot spot)
What is the lava
that comes from
quiet eruptions
called?
Mafic
(aka basaltic lava)
What is the lava
that comes from
explosive eruptions
called?
Felsic Lava
(aka rhyolytic lava)
What is mafic
(basaltic) lava that
looks ropey and
wrinkled when it is
hardened?
pahoehoe
What is mafic
(basaltic) lava that
is sharp and
jagged when it
hardens?
aa
What is the
volcanic cone that
has gently sloping
sides from quiet
explosions?
Shield Cone Volcano
What is the
volcanic cone that
has steep sides
from explosive
eruptions?
Cinder cone
What is the
volcanic cone that
is a combination of
quiet and explosive
layers?
Composite Cone
(aka stratocone)
What is a funnel
shaped pit at the
top of a vent that
formed when a
volcano exploded?
crater
What is formed
when a volcanic
cone collapses
when emptied,
leaving behind a
large basin that
can fill with water?
caldera
The name of a
volcanic fragment
is determined by
what?
The name of a
volcanic fragment
is determined by
what?
Size of the particle
What is the general
name for rock
fragments that are
ejected from a
volcano?
tephra
What are the two
smallest types of
tephra?
Dust and ash
What are clots of
lava that spin into
the air and cool to
make a spindle
shape?
Volcanic Bombs
What is the name
of the largest
volcano – on Mars?
Olympus Mons
What is the name of
Jupiter’s moon that
has the most active
volcanoes?
Io
This concludes
today’s fun.
Please put
everything away
and let’s begin
the test!!!