Download Bacteria vs. Archea

Bacteria vs. Archea
Bacteria vs. Archea
A) Classification of Bacteria and
Archea
• Classification based on
– Shape
– Nutrition
– Movement
– Genetic components
– DNA comparison
– Gram Stain (for bacteria only)
B) Bacteria vs. Archea Summary
Bacteria
Shape
Cell wall
Cocci- spherical
With
Peptidogly
can
Bacilli – rod
Cocci- spherical
Bacilli – rod
Spiral shape
Autotrophs
(phtosynthesis)
Habitat
Mostly
mesophiles
Reproduction
Binary
fission
Survival Tactics
Conjugation
Endospores
Heterotrophs
(predation)
Spiral shape
Archea
Nutrition
Without
peptidogly
can
Autotrophs
(methanogenesis)
Heterotrophs
(predation)
Some
extremophiles
Binary
fission
Conjugation
Shapes
• Shapes:
– Cocci
• spherical
– Bacilli
• rod
– Spiral shape
• Aggregation:
– Tendency to
group together
C) The importance of
Peptidoglycan
• Peptidoglycan
• Chain-link combination of alternating animo acids
and sugars
• Gives rigidity to the cell wall
• Link to Penicillin
• Penicillin affects the final formation of
peptidoglycan
– binds to the molecule and stops the cell wall construction
(destroying the bacteria)
D) The importance of the Gram
Stain
• Bacteria only
– Pink stain
• Gram –
– Majority of bacteria
– Thin protein layer on this wall
– Purple stain
• Gram +
– Thick protein layer on their cell wall
• Information used in determining which antibiotics
to use
E) Reproduction of Archea and
Bacteria
• Binary fission:
– Result:
• cells with the same genetic material
– Process:
• Makes copies of its single chromosome
• Cell elongates
• Builds a partition (septum)
F) In less optimal conditions…
1. Conjugation
–
Ability to exchange
DNA
–
Results in cells with
new genetic material
2. Endospores (bacteria only)
– Creation of a hard walled structure that
protect the genetic material
•
Resistant to high temperatures, freezing, drying,
toxic chemicals and radiation
– Results in bacteria being able to remain
dormant for very long periods of time
G) Archea and biotechnology
•
Archea are currently used for:
1. Sewage treatment
2. Archeaocin (new antibiotics)
3. Enzyme production
•
•
•
Due to the extreme conditions they inhabit
Low lactose milk
Cloning DNA
H) Bacteria in Biotechnology
• Bacteria are currently used for
– Food Production
• Cheese, yogurt