* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Document
Survey
Document related concepts
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
History of virology wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin wikipedia , lookup
Quorum sensing wikipedia , lookup
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Anaerobic infection wikipedia , lookup
Horizontal gene transfer wikipedia , lookup
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Disinfectant wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
BACTERIA 1 22 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 44 Bacteria are very small 5 This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria 6 Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei 7 Bacteria Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it 8 Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch 9 Evolution/Classification • • • • Most numerous on Earth Most Ancient Microscopic Prokaryotes Adapted to survive where no other organisms can. • Grouped based on: – Structure, physiology, molecular composition, reaction to specific types of stain. – Eubacteria= Germs/bacteria – Archaebacteria 10 Kingdom Archaebacteria • First discovered in extreme environments • Methanogens: Harvest energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas – Anaerobic, live in intestinal tracts • Extreme halophiles: Salt loving, live in Great Salt Lake, and Dead sea. • Thermoacidophiles: Live in acid environments and high temps. – Hot Springs, volcanic vents 11 Volcanic vents on the sea floor 12 Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the “smoke” for energy to make ATP. 13 Kingdom Eubacteria • Can have one of three basic shapes 1. Bacilli – rod-shaped 2. Spirilla – spiral-shaped 3. Cocci – sphere-shaped Streptococci – in chains Staphylococci – grape-like clusters 14 Bacillus bacteria are rod shaped 15 Coccus bacteria are sphere shaped 16 Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape 17 BACTERIA PICS 18 Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes gonorrhea 19 Staphylo bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts 20 Streptobacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats 21 Spirillium bacteria 22 Diplobacillus bacteria 23 Streptococcus bacteria 24 Staphylococcus bacteria 25 The tip of a needle The red and yellow dots are bacteria 26 Gram Stain • Gram-positive retain stain and appear purple – Have thicker layer in cell wall. – can produce exotoxins made of protein • Gram-negative do not retain stain and take second pink stain instead. – can produce endotoxins made of lipids and carbohydrates – Watch it happen! http://youtu.be/aJpZzF3h3kc 27 No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm 28 Nutrition and Growth • • • • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Some are Photoautotrophs – Use sunlight for Energy Some are Chemoautotrophs. Many are Obligate Anaerobes. – Oxygen = Death • Ex. Clostridium tetani – Tetanus • Some are Faculatative Anaerobes – With or without Oxygen • Ex. Escherichia Coli • Some are Obligate Aerobes – Ex.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Temperature requirements – Some are Thermophilic, Some prefer acidic envmt.29 These heterotrophic bacteria digest oil -remember oil is partially decayed plant and animal cells 30 BACTERIA REPRODUCES binary FISSION First the chromosomal DNA makes a copy The DNA replicates 31 NEXT THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL DIVIDES The two resulting cells are exactly the same 32 In addition to the large chromosomal DNA, bacteria have many small loops of DNA called Plasmids 33 CONJUGATION Exchange DNA through Conjugation tube/pilus http://youtu.be/EtxkcSGU698 34 Transformation and Tranduction • Transformation: Bacterial cell takes in DNA from external environment – http://youtu.be/eovTbQgan5M • Transduction: Virus obtains DNA from Bacterial host 36 35 Examples 37 36 Helicobacter pylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers 37 Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers. 38 CHOLERA DENTAL CARIES ROCKY MOUNTAIN Spotted Fever tickborne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsi 41 LYME DISEASE 42 SALMONELLA 43 STREP THROAT 44 TUBERCULOSIS 45 BOTULISM 46