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Transcript
Microorganisms Overview of the Major Classes for the Birmingham City Schools Click anywhere to start What Are Microorganisms? Living things that are usually too small to see with the naked eye. They can be parasitic, saprophytic, mutualistic, beneficial, or harmful. Some are photosynthetic. Some have been genetically manipulated. About Microorganisms They are found everywhere! On deep sea vents. (more) In Antarctica. (more) On Mars! (more) They can be measured from Angstroms (viruses) all the way to meters (sea algae). Classes of Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria Protists Algae Fungi Retrieved from www.ams.rdg.ac.uk/…/simon/teaching1.htm Virus Overview Parasitic “Specific” for host cell Classified according to Type of nucleic acid Type of “cycle”/means of transmission Host “Envelope” the virus has Type of disease the virus causes Herpes simplex: the cold sore virus Bacteria Overview Bacilli on hard surface Saprophytic and mutualistic Prokaryotic Classified according to shape Bacillus (rod-shaped) Coccus (spherical) Spirillus (spiralshaped) Some are genetically manipulated Protist Overview Mostly aquatic Eukaryotic Classified according to means of locomotion Psuedopodia Cilia Flagella Euglena are photosynthetic Most are harmless unless ingested Sketch of an ameoba Algae Overview Acetabularia Very (mm) small to very large (meters) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic Usually classified according to color Blue-green (cyanophyta) “Golden” (chyrsophyta) Green (chlorophyta) Brown (phaeophyta) Red (rhodophyta) Used in industry Example: algin in ice cream Fungi Overview Decomposers and parasitic Eukaryotic Classified according to gamete distribution Chytridiomycota (aquatic) Zygomycota (no spore sac) Ascomycota (sac fungi) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Dueteromycetes (imperfect fungi) Ascomycetes decomposing the substrate Conclusion Microorganisms are a diverse group of living things They exist in many different environments They can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic Some can be seen and some are too small to be seen Some can be manipulated to be beneficial, others help clean up the environment, still others may be parasitic or harmful to their hosts Vocabulary Parasitic – a situation where an organism lives off another; it contributes nothing and is potentially harmful to its host. Saprophytic – a condition where an organism lives off dead or decaying matter. Mutualistic – a condition where two different species lives with each other; each contributes to the welfare of the other. Photosynthetic – using light to make its own food. Back to tutorial Vocabulary Angstrom – a measurement equal to one ten-billionth (1.0 x 10 –10 ) meter! Meter – the SI unit of length. SI – System International; also known as the metric system. Unit – the standard that is equivalent to “one”. Back to tutorial Vocabulary Locomotion – means of movement Psuedopodia – “false feet”; cytoplasmic extensions Cilia – short hair-like extensions Flagella – long whip-like extension Back to tutorial Questions? Comments? C. M. Johnson, Science Chair – Wenonah High School 205.231.1685 - ofc 205.249.8772 – mobile [email protected] Please allow up to 24hrs for replies