* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The (gamma) Proteobacteria
Survey
Document related concepts
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth wikipedia , lookup
Lyme disease microbiology wikipedia , lookup
Phage therapy wikipedia , lookup
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae wikipedia , lookup
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
Quorum sensing wikipedia , lookup
Bacteriophage wikipedia , lookup
Unique properties of hyperthermophilic archaea wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Anaerobic infection wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Cyanobacteria wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Non-proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria •G- bacteria not closely related to Proteobacteria •Includes several photosynthetic bacteria •oxygenic and anoxygenic • Taxonomy of photosynthetic gram negative, non-proteobacteria: – Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi (green sulfur) and Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur) • Gram negative, Proteobacteria – Purple sulfur bacteria (alpha) and purple nonsulfur bacteria (gamma) • Cyanobacteria • • • • Blue-green “algae” Unicellular, filamentous or colonial Gliding motility or gas vacuoles Adaptable to nutrient poor environments – Fix nitrogen (heterocysts) and CO2 Cyanobacteria • Oxygenic photosynthesis – May be responsible for oxygenating atmosphere 2H2O + CO2 light (CH2O) + H2O + O2 • Green (Chlorobi) and purple (Proteobacteria) sulfur bacteria – Anoxygenic photosynthesis – produces sulfur rather than oxygen light 2H2S + CO2 (CH2O) + H2O + 2S0 • Green (Chloroflexi) and purple (Proteobacteria) non-sulfur bacteria – Anoxygenic photosynthesis – Use organic compounds to reduce carbon dioxide – Don’t release oxygen or sulfur as by-product • Chlamydiae • Chlamydia and Chlamydophila – Collectively called the chlamydias • • • • gram (-) coccoid Obligate intra-cellular pathogens Transmitted by direct contact or airborne Distinguished by complex life cycle Unique life cycle with two cellular forms Elementary body is infectious stage (extracellular) Reticulate body is reproductive stage (intracellular) – Chlamydia trachomatis • Trachoma – Leading cause of preventable blindness • STDs – Nongonococcal urethritis -most common STD in US – Lymphogranuloma venereum – Chlamydophila pneumoniae • mild form on pneumonia – Chlamydophila psittaci • psittacosis or ornothosis – transmitted by birds • Spirochetes – – – – – Coiled morphology like a metal spring Axial filaments Treponema – causes syphilis Borrelia – Lyme disease transmitted by ticks or lice Leptospira – Leptospirosis from urine contaminated water • Bacteroidetes • Anaerobic rods • Prevotella – Common inhabitant of human mouth • Cytophaga – gliding motility – degrades cellulose and chitin in soil • Bacteroides – non-motile found in gingival crevices and large intestine • 1 billion/gram of feces – Frequently recovered from deep tissue infections – Infections usually caused by puncture wounds or surgery • Fusobacteria – Anerobic – Often pleomorphic may be spindle shaped • Fusobacterium – Slender pointed rods – Found in gingival crevices – May be involved in dental abscesses • Planctomycetes – Budding bacteria that blurs line between cell type – Planctomyces • Aquatic stalked bacteria with no PTG in cell wall – Gemmata • Double membrane around DNA • Deinococcus – Includes only two species resistant to extreme environments – Deinococcus radiodurans – Thermus aquaticus