Download Other aquaculture systems

PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE
(AKU3201)
Other aquaculture systems
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Method of culture
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Ponds
Cages
Raceway
Recirculating
Others – tanks, strings, rack, pisciponic
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Cages
• Floating or submerged units
• Placed in open water i.e., lake, reservoir,
river, estuary, open ocean
• Netting to hold fish
• Fed with pellet
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Floating Cages
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Cages
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Frame
• Hold net
• Stainless steel
• Floatation devices
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Netting
• Polyethlyene, polyester wire nylon
• Net size < Fish size
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Depth: 1 – 2 m
Freeboard: 15-30 cm
Weightage at every side
Metal frame
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Submerged cages
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Cages
Advantages
• Continuous flow of clean/new water
• Easy harvesting
• Different species in different cages
• Waste, excessive feed are not
accumulated in the culture system
• Stocking rate can be regulated easily
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Cages
Disadvantages
• Changes in environmental surroundings &
water quality
• Noxious algal bloom
• Slower species growth compared to pond
culture
• Frequent net cleaning
• Disease problem
• Climate problem
• Theft
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Requirement
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Non-polluted area
Protected/sheltered area
Low drastic salinity change
Small waves (except cage in deep sea
areas)
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RAS
• RAS= Recirculating aquaculture
systems
• Water is processed to restore water
quality
• Recycle back to the culture tank
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Suitable when:
1) Land or water is limited
2) Natural water is of poor quality
3) Ambient temperatures for cultured
spp. are outside the range
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RAS
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• Biofilter
- Substrate on which aerobic bacteria
will grow
- Bacteria change the form of nitrogen
from toxic to non-toxic form
- Toxic = Ammonia (NH3)
- NH3 -> NO2 (Nitrosomonas)
- NO2 -> NO3 (Nitrobacter)
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Flow-through
• Water continuously flow
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Raceway
• Water continuously flow
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Strings
• Semi-controlled
• Boat & strings/rope
• Marine
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String/line
• Bivalve & seaweed
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Pisciponic
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Pisciponic
• Culture synergy of fish & plant
• Maximum use of water, soil, space &
increase production & income
• Reduce nutrient need 75-100%
• Minimum aquaculture waste
• Japanese salad, kailan, tomato
• Baung, keli, tilapia
• Tilapia the best
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Stake
• Semi controlled & marine
• Clams/abalone/oysters
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Tray/Raft
• Semi-controlled & marine
• Bivalve (oyster/clams)
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Bottom culture
Pen (Crab)
• Introduced by Jabatan Pertanian
Sarawak
• Application – SEA & Australia
• Cage constructed in mangrove area
• Minimum cutting (20%) & sustain forest
area
• Ketam nipah Scylla serrata, S. olivacea, S.
tranquebarica
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Sea Ranching
• Selection of wild broodstock & artificial
production of juveniles which are
released into the natural environment
then harvest
• Semi-controlled
• Species: Salmon, lobster
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Seacage cultivator
• Combination of raft, line and cage
• Facility:
– Wave resistant
– Ease of handling
– Production per area is high
• Semi control
• Commercial species: abalone, sea
cucumber
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Bioreactor
• Culture of
microalga for
health product
and live feed for
fish, crustacean
and molluscan
larvae
• Chlorella, Spirullina
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IMTA
• Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
• Integration between seaweed and
other aquatic organisms
Backyard hatchery
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Backyard hatchery-RAS
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Key attributes of a successful aquaculture
business include:
Fish farming experience (animal husbandry);
Market knowledge;
Understanding of species site selection
requirements;
Appropriate system design; and
Business management experience.