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Prokaryotes Pro=before -Karyotes= nut (nucleus) These cells have no nucleus Examples: bacteria Eukaryotes Eu=good -Karyote= nut (nucleus) These cells have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus Examples: protists, animal cells, plant cells, fungi Cells that all multicellular structures evolved from Endosymbiotic model of Eukaryotic cell evolution 3.8 billion years ago archaebacteria and eukaryotic cells diverged from the lineage that led to modern eubacteria Oxygen-releasing photosynthetic bacteria evolved Later, oxygenized atmosphere ended further spontaneous chemical evolution of life This atmosphere was a key selection pressure in the evolution of eukaryotic cells Protista= the very first Characteristics of Protists -Mostly unicellular, some multicellular (algae) -Heterotrophic or autotrophic -Most live in water or moist soil -Eukaryotic -any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus How they obtain nutrition Now they move Protozoa= first animal Nutrition: heterotrophs How they move: Flagella Pseudopod (false foot) Cilia (hairs) Parasitic (need host) Zooflagellates Movement: flagella absorb food through membrane heterotrophs or parasites Single celled Asexual reproduction Live in fresh water or salt water Ciliates Movement: cilia Food: has mouth pore heterotrophs or parasitic Reproduce: asexual or sexual Lakes, ponds and oceans Single celled Spore-forming Movement: cannot move on their own (parasitic) Food: heterotrophic and parasitic (hurt their host) Reproduction: sexual and asexual reproduction with host Single celled Carried through water to humans and animals Amoebas Movement: pseudopod (false foot) Food: engulfs food through endocytosis heterotrophs Reproduce: binary fission (asexual) Live on rocks and algae Single celled Movement: none Nutrition: Decomposers or parasites Slime Food: decomposers Live in moist soils Colonies of single cells that form one multi-celled organism Reproduce: asexually Movement: none Water molds molds Food: parasites or decomposers Reproduce: sexually and asexually Movement: flagella Live in water or moist soil and in hosts Single celled Nutrition: mainly autotrophs Movement: Do not move Red algae Movement: None Multicellular Live in oceans tropic waters Autotrophs (photosynthesis) Reproduce: asexual Green algae Movement: none rely on water Unicellular and multicellular Live in oceans Autotrophs (photosynthesis) Reproduce asexually Brown algae Movement: none Autotrophs (photosynthesis) Reproduction: asexual Attached to rocks in water Live in cooler waters multicellular Diatoms Unicellular Single celled Reproduce: asexually Food: autotrophs Live in salt and fresh water Movement: most don’t move Dinoflagellates Food: autotrophs (photosynthesis) few parasites Movement: flagella Marine and fresh water Unicellular Reproduce asexually Euglenoids Single celled Movement: flagella Reproduce asexually Food: Heterotrophs, autotrophs, and predators Fresh or marine water