Download 1-3 Studying Life

Study of Biology
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What is Biology?
Biology is the study of all living
things
Living things are called
organisms
Organisms include bacteria,
protists, fungi, plants, & animals
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All Living Things Share
Common Characteristics
1. Basic Unit is the Cell
2. They Reproduce
3. All Based On Universal
Genetic Code (DNA)
4. Grow & Develop
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Common Characteristics
5. Obtain & Use Materials &
Energy
6. Respond To Their Environment
7. Maintain A Stable Internal
Environment
8. AS A GROUP, Living Things
Evolve, That Is They Change
Over Time
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Characteristics of Organisms
The Rafflesia, the worlds largest type of
flower. Its nickname is “the corpse flower”
because it emits an odor that smells like
decaying flesh.
Finger Puppet Monkeys or Baby
Pygmy Marmosets?
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All Organisms are
made of Cells
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Cell Facts
Cells are the smallest
living unit of an organism
The simplest cells are
called Prokaryotes
These cells DO NOT
have a nucleus or
membrane-bound
organelles
Bacteria are examples
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More Cell Facts
More complex cells are
called Eukaryotes
These cells DO have a
nucleus and membranebound organelles
Plants, animals,
protists, & fungi are
examples
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Organisms Reproduce to
Pass on their Genetic
Traits
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Two Types of Reproduction
Sexual
Reproduction
Involves 2 parents
Egg fertilized
(internally or
externally) by sperm
to make a ZYGOTE
Offspring DIFFERENT
from parents
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Two Types of Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Involves a single organism or
cell
Cell divides
Offspring IDENTICAL to
parent
Examples: Budding,
Gemmules, Fragmentation,
Regeneration, Parthogenisis,
Binary Fission, Cloning.
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Cells Have a Genetic Code
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Genetic Code
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)
carries the genetic code for all
organisms
All organisms contain DNA
DNA codes for the proteins that
make up cells & do all the work
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Organisms Grow & Develop
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Growth & Development
Organisms grow by
producing MORE
CELLS & by cell
ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop
as they mature into
an adult organism
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Cells Require Food & Energy
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Food Requirements
Autotrophs can make
their own food
Photoautotrophs use
sunlight to make food
(photosynthesis)
Chemoautotrophs use
chemicals such as iron
& sulfur as their
energy
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Food Requirements
Heterotrophs can NOT make their
own food
They must consume other
organisms
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat meat
Omnivores eat plants & animals
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Metabolism
Sum of all the chemical reactions
in an organism
All require energy
Sunlight is the ultimate energy
for life on Earth
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Organisms Respond to
Stimuli/Adaptation
Organisms Respond to stimuli
(Temperature, Water, Food
Supplies, etc.) In Order To
Survive & Reproduce
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Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment
(Homeostasis) Of The Cell or
Organism Within The Ranges Required
For Life
Stable internal conditions of pH,
temperature, water balance, etc.
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Living Things Evolve
Groups Of Organisms
(Not Individuals)
Change Over Time In
Order To Survive
Within Changing
Environments.
Fossil records show
changes in groups of
organisms
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Life is Organized on
Several Levels
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Levels
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells – life starts here
Tissues
Organs
System
Organism
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