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Carbohydrates Regents Biology CH2OH H O H OH H H OH HO Carbohydrates: Energy molecules Regents Biology 2006-2007 H OH Carbohydrates Building block molecules = sugars sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Regents Biology Carbohydrates Function: quick energy energy storage structure Example glucose C6H12O6 sucrose sugars starches cellulose (cell wall) Regents Biology starch Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in -ose glucose fructose sucrose maltose CH2OH Regents Biology H O H OH H H OH HO H OH glucose C6H12O6 sucrose fructose maltose Regents Biology Building carbohydrates Synthesis monosaccharides | glucose Regents Biology | glucose 2 sugars = disaccharide | maltose Building carbohydrates Synthesis monosaccharides | glucose Regents Biology | fructose 2 sugars = disaccharide | sucrose (table sugar) BIG carbohydrates Starch energy storage in plants potatoes Glycogen energy storage in animals in liver & muscles Cellulose structure in plants cell walls Chitin structure in arthropods & fungi exoskeleton Regents Biology Building BIG carbohydrates glucose + glucose + glucose… = polysaccharide starch (plant) energy storage glycogen (animal) Regents Biology Regents Biology Digesting starch vs. cellulose starch easy to digest cellulose hard to digest Regents Biology enzyme enzyme Cellulose Cell walls in plants herbivores can digest cellulose most carnivores cannot digest cellulose that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients cellulose = roughage Regents Biology Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose? bacteria live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals (symbiosis) Regents Biology