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Carbohydrates Biology I CH2OH H O H OH H H OH HO Carbohydrates: Energy molecules Biology I H OH Carbohydrates Building block molecules = sugars sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Biology I Carbohydrates Function: quick energy energy storage structure glucose C6H12O6 cell wall in plants sucrose Examples Biology I sugars starches cellulose (cell wall) starch Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in -ose glucose fructose sucrose maltose CH2OH Biology I H O H OH H H OH HO H OH glucose C6H12O6 fructose sucrose maltose – choc malt yum Building carbohydrates Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide | glucose | glucose mono = one saccharide = sugar di = two Biology I 2 sugars = disaccharide | maltose Building carbohydrates Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide | glucose | fructose How sweet it is! Biology I 2 sugars = disaccharide | sucrose (table sugar) BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides large carbohydrates starch energy storage in plants potatoes glycogen energy storage in animals poly = many in liver & muscles cellulose structure in plants cell walls chitin structure in arthropods & fungi Biology I exoskeleton Building BIG carbohydrates glucose + glucose + glucose… = polysaccharide starch (plant) energy storage glycogen (animal) Biology I Digesting starch vs. cellulose starch easy to digest cellulose hard to digest Biology I enzyme enzyme Cellulose Cell walls in plants herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material moving in your intestines Biology I Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet Biology I Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well? BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew… Chewing cud? Biology I EAT Let’s build X some Carbohydrates! Biology I Activities building starch by bonding together paper glucose molecules eat carrots, celery, cookies Biology I