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Microbiology: Structure. - Flagella - Pilli, Fimbriae - Capsule - Storage granules - Endospores Kophotrichous Amphotrichous Vibrio cholerae Pseudomonas. Spirillum GLIDING MOVEMENT: Flavobacterium, Flexibacter, Cytophaga, Saprospira. Masses of bacteria (Flavobacterium) gliding away from the center of the colony. S Motility: A Motility: Evidence that focal adhesion complexes power bacterial gliding motility. Mignot T. et al. Science 9 February 2007, 315 p853. Chemotaxis towards capillary tube filled with amino acids. Tracks of motile bacteria swarming around an algal cell (white). The bacteria are showing positive aerotaxisby moving toward the oxygen-producing algal cell. Aerotaxis towards oxygen. PHOTOTAXIS: scotophobotaxis. Scotophobic accumulation of the phototrophic bacterium Thiospirillum jenense at wavelengths at which its pigments absorb. Phototaxis. Migration towards light of an entire colony of the purple phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillium centenum. Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum containig magnetosomes (magnetite: Fe3O4) Synthesis of P pilus. FitsZ, tubulin homolog, and principal component of the cytokinetic Z-ring, that constricts the middle of the dividing bacteria. MinCD is an inhibitor of Z-ring assembly that oscillates rapidly from pole-to-pole, ensuring that the Z-ring forms only at the midcell position. MreB, first bacterial actin-like protein that forms helical filaments just beneath the bacterial cell surface. It helps determine the shape of rods, filaments, and helical bacteria and plays a role in chromosome segregation. ParM, an actin-like protein that assembles in twostranded helical filaments that are almost identical to eukaryotic F-actin. Its polymerization pushes plasmids to opposite poles of the cell. (part of the plasmid partitioning locus.) ParA filament is part of a different partitioning system that oscillates over the nucleoid and thereby positions low-copy number plasmids at the midcell position. CELL INCLUSIONS: (a) Glycogen (carbon, energy) (b) Poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (carbon, energy) (c) Polyphosphate (volutin, metachromatic granules) (d) Cyanophycin (nitrogen, aspartic acid, argining) (e) Elemental sulfur (f) magnetosomes. GAS VACUOLES CARBOXYSOMES (Rubisco) Nile Blue staining, a fluorescent stain that binds to polyhydrobutyrate storage granules. Spirillum volutans with prominent polyphosphate granules (volutin) Sulfate-reducing bacteria around empty shell of diatom. (Note transluscent sulfur granules) Thiomargarita Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum containig magnetosomes (magnetite: Fe3O4) Gas vesicles in Anabaena. Vesicles group together as phasebright gas vacuoles (arrows). Cyanobacterium Microcystis. Gas vesicles are arranged in bundles, here observed in both longitudinal and cross section. Dipicolinic acid Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum.