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Keeping the Salon Clean:
Preventing Bacteria, Viruses,
and Other Contaminants
Written by Dallas Duncan
HS_CSII_2
2011
How Contaminants Enter the
Body
Through a wound or other skin
break
Contaminated water or food
Inhaling airborne pathogens
Eyes, ears, and other bodily fluids,
such as blood
Cosmetologists should be especially
concerned with bloodborne
pathogens
If you accidentally cause a person
with a bloodborne pathogen to
bleed, you risk contaminating
your tools or yourself
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can exist almost
anywhere
Bacteria move using whip-like flagella or cilia
Most bacteria are harmless and are constantly present in
the body, helping to digest food and protect against
foreign pathogens
Pathogens are harmful bacteria that can cause disease
Because of pathogenic bacteria, salons must maintain
certain health standards and regulations
Types of Pathogenic Bacteria
Bacilli
Most common type of bacteria
Short and rod-shaped
Cause diseases such as lockjaw and
tuberculosis
Cocci
Round-shaped bacteria that can be
grouped into clusters, strings, or
pairs
Varieties: Staphylococci,
streptococci, diplococci
Cause diseases such as pneumonia
and strep throat
Staphylococcus bacteria
Spirilla
Spiral-shaped bacteria
Cause diseases such as syphilis and
Lyme disease
Bacteria Life Cycle
Structure: Outer cell wall, internal
protoplasm
Active/Vegetative Stage
Stage where bacteria grow and
reproduce
After reaching the largest size,
bacteria undergo mitosis and
divide to form two new cells
Inactive/Spore-Forming Stage
Not all bacteria form spores
Spores allow bacteria to
withstand hardship such as
famine and unfavorable
environments
When conditions change, bacteria
become active again
Bacteria that can grow in
colonies are in the active stage
of their life cycle
Types of Bacterial Infection
Infection: Body tissues are invaded
by a pathogen
Though there are some treatments
for infection, many types of
bacteria are becoming resistant,
meaning there is now a greater
need for pathogen control in
cosmetology
Local Infection
Confined to a particular part of
the body
Identified by a pus-containing
lesion
General Infection
Bloodstream carries the bacteria
and its toxins to all parts of the
body
Viruses
A virus is a microscopic structure that
can get into the bodies of many
organisms, including bacteria
They infect organisms by replicating
their own genetic material alongside
that of their host
Viruses consist of genetic material
made of DNA or RNA, a protein coat,
and a lipid envelope
There are millions of different kinds of
viruses
Viruses are generally resistant to
antibiotics
Viruses Pertinent to
Cosmetology
Hepatitis
Causes inflammation of the liver
Three types — A, B, and C
A has flu-like symptoms and can be spread
through poor sanitation and poor personal
hygiene
B is more severe but is spread through sexual
contact
C is fatal and is also spread through sexual
contact
HIV/AIDS
HIV is spread through the transmission of
bodily fluids
HIV can lead to AIDS, which compromises the
immune system
Other viruses include common colds, chicken pox,
polio, and the flu
Many of these other viruses can be spread
through poor sanitation and poor personal
hygiene
Fungi
Include molds, mildews, and yeasts
Can cause skin diseases such as
ringworm
Nail Fungus
Contracted through improperly
washed implements
Never goes away but is usually
confined to one area
Can be spread between clients
and from client to cosmetologist
Treatment is applied to the
affected area but it can require a
doctor’s care
Nail infected with fungus
Parasites
Includes head lice and scabies
Parasites are smaller than their
hosts and reduce the fitness
and viability of the host
Can live on the surface or
inside the host
Transmission of parasites
depends on the hosts and the
environment