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Active Lecture Questions Chapter 1 The Microbial World and You Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is a scientific name? a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis b. Tubercle bacillus Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? a. b. c. d. e. are prokaryotic have peptidoglycan cell walls have the same shape grow by binary fission have the ability to move Which of the following is the most important element of Koch’s germ theory of disease? The animal shows disease symptoms when a. b. c. d. e. the animal has been in contact with a sick animal. the animal has a lowered resistance. a microorganism is observed in the animal. a microorganism is inoculated into the animal. microorganisms can be cultured from the animal. Recombinant DNA is a. DNA in bacteria. b. the study of how genes work. c. the DNA resulting when genes of two different organisms are mixed. d. the use of bacteria in the production of foods. e. the production of proteins by genes. Which of the following statements is the best definition of biogenesis? a. b. c. d. e. Nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms. Living cells can only arise from preexisting cells. A vital force is necessary for life. Air is necessary for living organisms. Microorganisms can be generated from nonliving matter. Which of the following is a beneficial activity of microorganisms? a. Some microorganisms are used as food for humans. b. Some microorganisms use carbon dioxide. c. Some microorganisms provide nitrogen for plant growth. d. Some microorganisms are used in sewage treatment processes. e. all of the above Which of the following would be the essential function performed by bacteria? a. control insect populations b. directly provide food for humans c. decompose organic material and recycle elements d. cause disease e. produce human growth hormones such as insulin Which of the following is an example of bioremediation? a. application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill b. application of bacteria to a crop to prevent frost damage c. fixation of gaseous nitrogen into usable nitrogen d. production by bacteria of a human protein such as interferon e. all of the above Which of the following statements is true? a. b. c. d. All life requires air. Only disease-causing organisms require air. Some microbes do not require air. Pasteur kept air out of his biogenesis experiments. e. Lavoisier was mistaken. Which of the following statements about E. coli is not true? a. E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch. b. E. coli is part of the normal microbiota of humans. c. E. coli is beneficial in human intestines. d. A disease-causing strain of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea. e. none of the above The current system of nomenclature for organisms was established by a. b. c. d. Pasteur Jenner Linnaeus Koch Archaea, often found in extreme environments, are divided into a. b. c. d. Three main groups Two main groups Four main groups Five main groups Eukarya includes all of the following EXCEPT a. b. c. d. Viruses Protists Fungi Animals Robert Koch a. b. c. d. Developed the microscope Discovered penicillin Developed the germ theory of disease First observed cells Pasteur a. b. c. d. Disproved spontaneous generation Discovered penicillin Discovered phagocytosis Developed aseptic surgery Ehrlich a. b. c. d. Disproved spontaneous generation Discovered penicillin Discovered phagocytosis Developed the theory of immunity Who first used microscopes to observe microorganisms? a. b. c. d. Koch Jenner Pasteur Van Leeuwenhoek Gram is associated with a. b. c. d. Fermentation The germ theory Staining techniques The cell theory Salvarsan was developed by a. b. c. d. Ehrlich Fleming Weizmann Needham Who developed a set of postulates to prove that specific microorganisms cause disease? a. b. c. d. Jenner Gram Pasteur Koch All of the following provide a natural first line of defense against disease EXCEPT a. b. c. d. Interferon Penicillin Skin Mucous membranes An example of a hemorrhagic fever virus is the a. b. c. d. Marburg virus Human immunodeficiency virus BSE West Nile virus Paul Berg is associated with a. b. c. d. Chemotherapy Recombinant DNA Immunology Virology Biotechnology can best be defined as a. Using living organisms to clean up pollution b. Using living organisms to develop desired products c. Using living organisms to treat disease d. Using living organisms to control pests Cryptosporidiosis, which can be transmitted in a public water supply, is caused by a a. b. c. d. Virus Prion Protozoan Bacterium