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Food Webs Within Ecosystems Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial FOOD WEBS Ecosystems • An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with one another and their environment. • An ecosystem includes all biotic and abiotic factors. – Biotic Factors – All living things • Plants, animals, fungi and bacteria – Abiotic Factors – All nonliving things • Water, land, light, temperature and soil composition. Marine Ecosystems Oceans Freshwater Ecosystems Lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and aquifers Terrestrial Ecosystems Forests, Deserts, Grasslands, Mountains Habitat A habitat is a place where an organism lives. Population A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in a certain area. Community A community is all of the populations that live and interact with each other in an area. Niche A niche is the role of an organism within it’s community. Includes what it eats, when it eats and where it lives. Coral, plankton, fish Food Chain A food chain shows how the energy in food is passed from organism to organism in an ecosystem. Food Web A food web is a combination of all the overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. Producers • Producers are organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis. • Examples – plants, algae and plankton Consumers • Consumers are organisms that eat other organisms to obtain food for energy. There are 3 Types of Consumers • Herbivores – Animals that only eat plants • Omnivores – Animals that eat plants and other animals • Carnivores – Animals that only eat other animals (meat) • Primary Consumer • Secondary Consumer • Tertiary Consumer Predator/Prey Relationships • Predator – Organism that eats another organism • Prey – Organism that is eaten by the predator Parasite/Host Relationships • Parasite – organism that feeds off other living creatures – Fleas, Ticks, Worms, Lice, etc. • Host – organism on which the parasite is feeding. Always bad for host! Decomposers • A decomposer is an organism that gets their energy by breaking down dead organisms.
