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Active Lecture Questions for
BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition
Neil Campbell & Jane Reece
Chapter 31
Fungi
Questions prepared by
Christopher Gregg,
Louisiana State University
and
Ruth Buskirk,
University of Texas at Austin
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which individual organism in this picture
probably has more biomass?
a) fungus
b) tree
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Like animals, fungi are heterotrophs and use
enzymes to break down food macromolecules into
monomers that their cells can use. What is true
about these fungal enzymes that is not generally
true of animal enzymes?
a) Many of them catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
b) Many of them are packaged in lysosomes in the cell.
c) They reduce the activation energy and speed up
reactions.
d) They are secreted outside of the cell for external
digestion.
e) They are proteins that are specific for digesting
certain types of molecules.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which of the following is a role not performed by
any fungi?
a) decomposer
b) parasite
c) predator
d) producer
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
You are presented with several single-celled
organisms, including one thought to belong to the
kingdom Fungi. What unique feature helps you
identify the fungus?
a) presence of mitochondria
b) absence of chloroplasts
c) presence of chitin
d) presence of nuclei
e) presence of cell walls
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
When does meiosis occur in fungi?
a) during asexual reproduction
b) following the fusion of nuclei
c) immediately after the fusion of two fungal cells
d) after the fusion of cytoplasm but before the fusion of
nuclei
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
In animals, an individual consisting of diploid cells
is usually the life stage that signals to attract a mate
and discriminates whether the potential mate is
compatible. What life stages typically accomplish
these functions in fungi?
a) haploid spores
b) haploid hyphae
c) heterokaryon hyphae
d) diploid hyphae
e) diploid spores
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which phylogenetic tree represents the
evolutionary history of the fungi based on the most
recent data?
a) answer a
c) Answer c
b) answer b
d) answer d
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
The major groups of fungi probably diverged from
each other and began to diversify when life began
to colonize land. What features of fungi support
this hypothesis?
a) They generally have swimming sperm.
b) They generally have elongate hyphae for absorbing
water and nutrients.
c) They generally have multicellular bodies.
d) Two of the above options support this hypothesis.
e) All of the above options (a through c) support this
hypothesis.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Your parents are coming to visit and you
immediately run to the pantry to throw away the
loaf of bread with the black fuzzy stuff on it. What
phylum of fungi did you probably just trash?
a) Basidiomycota
b) Ascomycota
c) Zygomycota
d) Chytridiomycota
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
You have been given the task of finding living
members of the phylum Glomeromycota. Where is
the best place to look for these fungi?
a) the roots of vascular plants
b) between the toes of someone with athlete's foot
c) growing on rocks and tree bark
d) in stagnant freshwater ponds
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
You are given a fungus to identify. It has a fruiting
body that contains many structures with eight
haploid spores lined in a row. What kind of fungus
is this?
a) Zygomycete
b) Chytrid
c) Deuteromycete
d) Ascomycete
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which feature of the chytrids supports the
hypothesis that they represent the most primitive
fungi?
a) flagellated spores
b) the absence of chitin within the cell wall
c) parasitic lifestyle
d) formation of resistant zygosporangia
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which of the following diagrams represents the
defining feature of the Ascomycota?
a) answer a
d) answer d
b) answer b
e) answer e
c) answer c
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Neurospora is an ascomycete mold that is an important model
organism for genetics research. Researchers carefully open an
ascus (sac) and analyze the genes of the eight ascospores
contained within it. Why does analysis of spores in an ascus
make it easy to study genetic recombination in Neurospora?
a) The eight ascospores are genetically identical haploid nuclei
made by mitosis.
b) The eight ascospores are four copies each of the two dikaryon
nuclei.
c) The eight ascospores are two copies each of the four haploid
products of one meiosis.
d) The eight ascospores are each genetically different haploid
products of one meiosis.
e) The eight ascospores are genetically identical diploid nuclei
made by mitosis.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
If you analyze the cells of the body of a
basidiomycete mushroom, such as those we eat,
you would find that most cells contain what nuclei?
a) one haploid nucleus
b) two or more genetically identical haploid nuclei
c) two non-identical haploid nuclei
d) one diploid nucleus
e) two or more genetically identical diploid nuclei
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
In fields or open areas in woodlands, one can occasionally
find a “fairy ring,” a ring of mushroom-fruiting bodies
arranged roughly in a circle, which can be many meters in
diameter. Which is the correct explanation for this?
a) Mushrooms have grown where a circle of spores was
deposited previously.
b) The circle of mushrooms represents the survivors or “winners”
of many fungi that competed with each other.
c) The circle represents the edge of a large underground feeding
mycelium that produced fruiting bodies in many places at
once.
d) The circle represents the outer edge of a good habitat for the
mushrooms.
e) The circle is where fairies have danced in a ring.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
How many individual fungi do you see
in this picture?
a) 1
b) 5
c) 46
d) 52
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which of these is an example of a fungus that
initially parasitizes a living organism, then
continues living on it as a decomposer after the
organism dies?
a) black bread mold
b) yeasts
c) mycorrhizal fungus
d) wheat rust
e) shelf fungus
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Many fungi produce antibiotics, for example penicillin,
that are effective at stopping bacterial growth. Which
do you think is the evolutionary advantage to the
fungus of secreting antibacterial chemicals?
a) defense: preventing bacteria from infecting the
fungus
b) defense: preventing bacteria from killing fungal
spores
c) symbiosis: attracting helpful bacteria
d) competition: destroying bacteria that compete for
their food
e) predatory: fungus can then consume the bacteria
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Lichens are a symbiotic association between a fungus
and a photosynthetic microbe and are often among the
first organisms to grow on bare rock or volcanic
deposits. What features of lichens allow them to be so
successful as new colonizers on bare rock?
a) Fungal hyphae have extensive surface area for absorbing
runoff water without any soil.
b) Fungal hyphae secrete weak acids that break down the rock
surface and permit attachment.
c) Some lichen microbes conduct their own nitrogen fixation.
d) The photosynthetic partners in lichens have little competition
for sunlight.
e) Lichens can reproduce asexually, dispersing both partners
together.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.