Download Carbohydrates Notes KEY

Carbohydrates
Name______________
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Carbohydrates
 Building block molecules = sugars
 Made of only Carbon, Hydrogn, Oxygen
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar
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Carbohydrates
 Function:

quick energy

energy storage

structure
glucose
C6H12O6
 cell wall in plants
sucrose
 Examples

sugars

starches

cellulose (cell wall)
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starch
Sugars = building blocks
 Names for sugars usually end in -ose
glucose
 fructose
 sucrose
 maltose
CH2OH

H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
H
OH
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
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Building carbohydrates
 Dehydration Synthesis
simple sugar =
monosaccharide
|
glucose
double sugar =
disaccharide
|
glucose
|
maltose
mono = one
saccharide = sugar
di = two
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Building carbohydrates
 Dehydration Synthesis
simple sugar =
monosaccharide
|
glucose
double sugar =
disaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
|
fructose
How sweet
it is!
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BIG carbohydrates-polysaccharides
 starch
 energy storage in plants

potatoes
 glycogen
 energy storage in animals

in liver & muscles
 cellulose
 structure in plants

cell walls
 chitin
 structure in arthropods & fungi

exoskeleton
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poly = many
Building BIG carbohydrates
glucose + glucose + glucose… = polysaccharide
starch
(plant)
-roots
-fruits
energy
storage
glycogen
(animal)
-liver cells
-muscle cells
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Cellulose
 Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well
 most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

 that’s why they
eat meat
to get their energy
& nutrients
 cellulose = fiber
 stays undigested
 keeps material
moving in your
intestines
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Polysaccharides
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Digesting Carbohydrates =
Hydrolysis!
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Helpful bacteria
 How can cows and termites digest cellulose
so well whereas humans CANNOT?

BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…
Chewing
cud?
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