* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Pathogens – Bacteria & Viruses
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids wikipedia , lookup
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Social history of viruses wikipedia , lookup
Horizontal gene transfer wikipedia , lookup
Plant virus wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Disinfectant wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to viruses wikipedia , lookup
Virus quantification wikipedia , lookup
Henipavirus wikipedia , lookup
Magnetotactic bacteria wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial taxonomy wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Pathogens – Bacteria & Viruses Protists & Fungi Too A Pathogen is… Pathogen = Any disease causing agent. –Examples: Bacteria: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus Virus: HIV, Influenza (Swine Flu), The common cold Protist: Plasmodium (malaria) Fungi: Ringworm, Athletes Foot Viruses – Properties of Life Properties of Life Cellular organization NO Reproduction Yes Metabolism NO Homeostasis NO Adaption Responsiveness Yes Yes Growth and Development NO Virus Size Viruses are SOOO Small! Too small to see with a regular light microscope Must use an electron microscope to be seen. Parts of a Virus Capsid= “head”…protein that encloses viral genome Genome= double stranded DNA OR single stranded DNA or RNA Viral Body Plans Genetic material is DNA or RNA Coat is protein head Polyhedral virus sheath tail fiber Rod-shaped virus Complex virus (bacteriophage) Viruses are Obligate Intracellular Parasites Obligate like an obligation – can only replicate inside other cells Must live within a specific host cell – example: cats don’t get chicken pox Use the host cell for replication, metabolism, etc. Viruses cause disease Influenza – Infects the upper respiratory tract Can also cause cancer – Hepatitis B liver cancer – Epstein-Barr virus Burkitt’s lymphoma – Human Papilloma Virus cervical cancer HIV, the AIDS virus Glycoproteins on HIV envelope recognize surface proteins of human white blood cells RNA virus Includes the reverse transcriptase enzyme Defenses against viruses Skin and mucus membranes Inflammation (redness, swelling, warmth and pain) White blood cells Antibodies- specific proteins that target a specific virus Interferons- enzymes that prevent the virus from replicating Credit: © Dr. George Chapman/Visuals Unlimited T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the contents of the head (DNA) into the host. The viral DNA makes the bacteria manufacture more copies of the virus. TEM X40,000. Credit: © Dr. George Chapman/Visuals Unlimited T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the contents of the head (DNA) into the host. The viral DNA makes the bacteria manufacture more copies of the virus. TEM X60,000. Bacteria - Prokaryotes Eubacteria = True Bacteria. – Cell wall contains the carbohydrate peptidoglycan Archaeabacteria = Ancient Bacteria. – NO peptidoglycan in cell walls. – MORE similar to Eukaryotes!!! (US) – Live in harsh environments Bacteria are very small This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei Bacteria Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch Structure No nucleus No membrane bound organelles DNA is circular Plasmids Page 546 Bacteria Shapes Bacterial Reproduction Credit: © Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Visuals Unlimited E. coli is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod prokaryote undergoing conjugation. One strain has fimbriae. E. coli can cause urinary tract infections, traveler's diarrhea, nosocomial infections, and a variety of skin and wound infections such as scalded skin syndrome, scarlet fever, erysipelas and impetigo. TEM. Bacterial reproduction Cellular organism copies it’s genetic information then splits into two identical daughter cells http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/ en/thumb/0/02/350pxBacterConjugation.png&imgrefurl=http://www.answers.com/topic/bacterialconjugation&h=410&w=350&sz=75&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=JeAQL49IMCLqM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconjugation%26gbv%3D2%26hl %3Den Bacterial reproduction Conjugation http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.drnatura.com/img/good_bad_bact eria.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.drnatura.com/flora_protect.php&h=248&w=389&sz=44& hl=en&start=3&tbnid=oCRN34FnS1MmzM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq %3Dgood%2Bbacteria%2Bin%2Bcolon%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den Good Bacteria Good causing bacteria E. Coli in stomach aids digestion Benefit soil Nitrification Decomposition Make acetone or butanol To produce insulin, other chemicals Clean oil spills To clean ore Yogurt, cheese, olives, vinegar, sourdough Disease causing bacteria Way 1: metabolize their host (destroy host cells) Way 2: secrete poison as waste product TUBERCULOSIS STREP THROAT LYME DISEASE Staphylococcus aureus Credit: © Dr. Gary Gaugler/Visuals Unlimited This bacteria can causes toxic shock syndrome (tampon use) and can also cause impetigo and pyoderma and is common in infant day care centers. SEM. Archaeabacteria Pathogens & Evolution Pathogens, like bacteria are living organisms our bodies and antibiotics kill like streptococcus. Penicillin when first created was considered the miracle drug as it killed so many bacterial infections. However these bacteria are living organisms and wanted to live so they evolved/adapted to the drug so that penicillin won’t hurt them. Thus doctors must create new antibiotics once a pathogen adapts to an old antibiotic.