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Active Lecture Questions Chapter 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Legionella uses C3b receptors to enter monocytes. This a. b. c. d. e. prevents phagocytosis. degrades complement. inactivates complement. prevents inflammation. prevents cytolysis. Chlamydia can prevent the formation of phagolysosomes, and therefore Chlamydia can a. b. c. d. e. avoid being phagocytized. avoid destruction by complement. prevent adherence. avoid being digested. none of the above If the following are placed in the order of occurrence, which would be the third step? a. b. c. d. e. Emigration Digestion Formation of a phagosome Formation of a phagolysosome Margination If the following are placed in the order of occurrence, which would be the third step? a. b. c. d. e. Activation of C5 through C9 Cell lysis Antigen–antibody reaction Activation of C3 Activation of C2 through C4 A human host can prevent a pathogen from getting enough iron by a. b. c. d. e. reducing dietary intake of iron. binding iron with transferrin. binding iron with hemoglobin. excreting excess iron. binding iron with siderophores. A decrease in the production of C3 would result in a. b. c. d. e. increased susceptibility to infection. increased numbers of white blood cells. increased phagocytosis. activation of C5 through C9. none of the above In 1884, Elie Metchnikoff observed blood cells collected around a splinter inserted in a sea star embryo. This was the discovery of a. b. c. d. e. blood cells. sea stars. phagocytosis. immunity. none of the above Helicobacter pylori uses the enzyme urease to counteract a chemical defense in the human organ in which it lives. This chemical defense is a. b. c. d. e. lysozyme. hydrochloric acid. superoxide radicals. sebum. complement. Which of the following statements about IFN- is not true? a. b. c. d. e. It interferes with viral replication. It is host-cell–specific. It is released by fibroblasts. It is virus-specific. It is released by lymphocytes. Which of the following does not stimulate phagocytes? a. b. c. d. e. cytokines IFN- C3b lipid A histamine Innate immunity can be defined as a. b. c. d. Ability to ward off diseases Defenses that are present at birth Specific responses to a specific microbe The lack of resistance The so-called ciliary escalator functions by a. Moving microbes towards the lower respiratory tract b. Killing microbes c. Moving microbes toward the throat d. Moving microbes from the nose Which of the following bacteria neutralizes stomach acid, allowing the bacterium to grow in the stomach? a. b. c. d. Clostridium botulinum Streptococcus mutans Lactobacillus pyogenes Helicobacter pylori Which is the most abundant leukocyte? a. b. c. d. Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Lymphocyte Which of the following is classified as an agranulocyte? a. b. c. d. Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil During inflammation there is activation and increased concentration of a group of proteins in the blood called a. b. c. d. Kinins Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Acute-phase proteins Phagocytes may be activated by components of bacteria such as lipid A or a. b. c. d. Lipopolysaccharides Prostaglandins Cytokines Granzymes Fixed macrophages that are found in the liver are called a. b. c. d. Alveolar macrophages Microglial cells Kupffer’s cells Peritoneal macrophages Which of the following organisms has the ability to escape from a phagosome before it fuses with a lysosome? a. b. c. d. Shigella Chlamydia Plasmodium Leishmania Complement proteins are numbered a. b. c. d. 1 to 6 1 to 7 1 to 8 1 to 9 How many principal types of interferons do humans have? a. b. c. d. 2 3 4 5 Some bacteria evade the complement system by means of their a. b. c. d. Endospores Flagella Cilia Capsules Which of the following is NOT a physical form of defense for the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts? a. b. c. d. Mucus Cilia Hairs Epidermis What inhibits cell wall synthesis, forms pores in the plasma membrane, and destroys DNA and RNA in microbes? a. b. c. d. The complement system Antimicrobial peptides Iron-binding proteins Interferons What do the activated fixed macrophages secrete to bring about vasodilation, increased permeability, and clot formation? a. b. c. d. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Cytokines Histamine