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Bacteria
.: Support bacteria - they're the
only culture some people have :.
What is bacteria?
 True bacteria are the oldest organisms on earth
 organisms made up of just one cell
 capable of multiplying by themselves, as they
have the power to divide
 some bacteria can cause diseases
 Sometimes they are just in the wrong place but
other times they are designed to invade our
bodies!!
 Bacterial infections are usually treated with a
special antibiotic that only kills the bacterium that
has caused the disease.
Common Shapes of Bacteria
BACILLUS
COCCUS
SPIRILLUM
Reproduction of Bacteria
Bacteria may reproduce either asexually
or sexually.
Primarily they reproduce asexually, which
they accomplish by simple cell division.
During this process, one cell divides into two
daughter cells with the development of a
transverse cell wall.
genetic variations can occur within
individual cells through recombinant
Malicious Bacteria =(
Why did the paramecium cross the road?
He was stuck to the chicken's butt.
Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever
 is an infectious feverish disease
 severe symptoms in the digestive system
 caused by an infection with the bacterium
Salmonella typhi,
 which is only found in humans and may lead to
serious illness.
 Salmonella typhi can only attack humans
 the bacterium is passed on with water and foods
and can withstand both drying and refrigeration.
Salmonella and Food Poisoning
 found in poultry, eggs,
unprocessed milk and in
meat and water
 attacks the stomach and
intestines
 enters the lymph tracts,
which carry water and
protein to the blood, and the
blood itself
 Symptoms: Diarrhea (constipation),
headaches, stomach
cramps, nausea and
vomiting
Anthrax
 a bacterial disease caused by
an organism called Bacillus
anthracis
 is capable of producing
spores
 It’s a disease of grass-eating
animals such as sheep, goats,
cattle and horses so humans
won’t get infected unless they
are exposed to infected
animals
 Symptoms: Vomiting, nausea, fever
IT IS NOT
CONTAGIOUS!
Botulism
 serious paralytic illness caused by a
nerve toxin
 produced by the bacterium
Clostridium botulinum (found in
soil)
 can’t be detected unless
diagnosed (ex: a cat scan)
 110 cases of botulism each year
 Clostridium botulinum
 name of a group of bacteria
 rod-shaped organisms grow best
in low oxygen conditions.
 bacteria form spores - allows
them to survive in a dormant
state
Types of Botulism
 Foodborne botulism caused by eating foods that
contain the botulism toxin (25% of the cases)
 Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a
wound infected with Clostridium botulinum (72% of
the cases)
 Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores
of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the
intestines and release toxin
NOTE: ALL TYPES ARE FATAL AND SHOULD
RECEIVE MEDICAL ATTENTION!!
The Plague
The Black Death wiped out complete
villages in Europe in the 14th century.
Largest outbreak of a bacteria.
The epidemic lasted about 200 years and
affected all aspects of social and
economic life.
Carried by fleas, rodents and humans.
Gram Positive (+)
Gram positive bacteria have simple walls
composed primarily of peptidoglycan
Secrete exotoxins which can infect a host
without the bacteria actually being present
Gram Negative (-)
 Gram negative bacteria have relatively complex
walls with lipopolysaccharides which are often
toxic, making the walls of gram-negative bacteria
toxic
 Often more resistant than gram positive Bacteria
to antibiotics
 Usually more deadly than gram-positive
bacteria, but must be present for symptoms to
occur. Do not secrete exotoxins
Beneficial Bacteria =)
Why did the bacteria cross the road?
To prove he wasn't chicken.
Good Bacteria:
Used in soil enrichment
Used for pickling and preserving
Lactobacillus
reuteri
Used for fermentation
Used to decompose organic waste
The bacteria that live within us, help to
build and maintain a strong
gastrointestinal barrier against invasion
and damage by pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, protozoa and toxic substances.
Bacteria is a part of everyday life
The bacteria that live within us as
symbionts, help to build and maintain a
strong gastrointestinal barrier against
invasion and damage by pathogenic
bacteria, viruses, protozoa and toxic
substances.
Combating Bad Bacteria =D
Why did the bacteria cross the playground?
To get to the other slide..
Antibodies
 An antibody is a protein complex used by the
immune system to identify and neutralize
bacteria
 Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen
unique to its target
 Antibodies that recognize bacteria mark them for
ingestion by macrophages.
 Together with the plasma component
complement, antibodies can kill bacteria directly.
Antibiotics
Drugs that help cure certain infections by
impairing bacteria.
First antibiotic discovered was penicillin.
Some fungi produce antibiotics used to
treat bacterial infections
The dark side is that antibiotics caused the
evolution of antibiotic-resistant populations
of the very bacteria the drugs were meant
to kill
Prevention
 Improvements in
prevention of bacterial
infections come more
from improved public
health policies than socalled “wonder-drugs”.
Generally little can be
done to combat bacterial
infections directly other
than keeping your living
conditions and yourself
sanitary.