Download 3C Worksheet KEY

BIOL 255 SI, Molly
Unit 3C, 10/14/16
1) The Cerebral cortex’s hemispheres are / are not equal in size and no functional area acts
alone, conscious behavior involves the entire cortex. Deep sulci divide hemispheres into 5 lobes,
the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal
from the parietal lobes, where the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal and occipital
lobes. The lateral sulcus separates the parietal and temporal lobes, and the precentral and
postcentral gyri border the central sulcus.
2) The Prefrontal Cortex is located in the anterior frontal lobe and is involved with intellect,
cognition, recall and personality. It is necessary for judgement, reasoning, persistence and
conscience. It is closely linked to the limbic system which is the emotional part of the brain.
Think spike in your forehead.
3) The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe just anterior
of the central sulcus. It controls voluntary contractions of skeletal muscle. Remember motor =
muscle.
4) The premotor cortex is located just anterior of the Primary motor area and is involved in
complex and repetitive or learned motor control like writing or riding a bike.
5) The frontal eye field area is located in the frontal lobe, anterior to the premotor area and
superior to the Broca’s area. It controls the extrinsic muscles of the eye used for scanning.
6) The Language areas of the brain are located in the motor area, as in the Broca’s speech area,
which you find in the frontal lobe inferior to the primary motor and premotor area and is found
in the left lobe of most individuals. It transforms thoughts into speech and works with other
sensory and associated areas.
7) There are also Language areas in the sensory area, as in the Wernicke’s area which is usually
only found in the left lobe also. It receives input from the primary auditory area, the auditory
association area as well as the primary visual area, the visual association area and the gnostic
area. The gnostic area is located in the very center of the Wernicke’s area. It receives a lot of
information and composed thoughts and understands things being spoken.
8) Association area contain association tracts which connect motor and sensory areas, such as
the lateral surfaces of the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes and anterior frontal lobe which
would be anterior to the motor areas. All connect via white matter.
9) The Primary Somatosensory area is located posteriorly to the central sulcus in the parietal
lobe. Its functions are sensations from skin, muscles, viscera, and spatial localization or in other
words where the sensation or signal is coming from.
10) The Somatosensory Association Area is located in the parietal lobe posterior to the primary
somatosensory area It receives input from the thalamus, the lower brain and the primary
somatosensory area. Its function is to integrate and interpret sensations, such as feeling an
object and imagining its appearance, also brings memories of past sensations. Remember
association involves interneurons.
11) The Primary Visual area is located in the occipital lobe and deals with visual input from the
eyes, optic nerve such as shape, color and movement.
Where the Visual Association area also located in the occipital lobe but is anterior and lateral
to the primary visual area. It receives input from the primary visual area and the thalamus and
relates to the present and past. Or in other words it draws conclusions from what you see now
and how it is related to the past like tracing a picture of a bicycle with your finger but not
being able to name it as a bicycle.
12) The Primary Auditory area is located in the superior temporal lobe (near the ears) and is
involved with the pitch and rhythm of sounds.
Where as the Auditory Association area is located posterior to the primary auditory area and is
involved with the interpretation of sound, speech and music. In other words, it puts sounds
together like making words out of sounds.
13) Primary Olfactory area is located in the medial temporal lobe near the insula, and is involved
with smell, but much of this area is used for the limbic system in humans which deals with
emotional responses. Like the smell of something triggers thoughts from your past.
14) The Primary Gustatory Area is located in the inferior lateral parietal lobe and is involved
with taste.
15) The Vestibular area is located in the insula, which is deep to the temporal lobe and is
involved in balance.
16) The Visceral Association areas are located in the cortex of the insula and are involved in
conscious perception of visceral sensations such as when your stomach is stretched and is
uncomfortable.
17) The cerebral hemispheres function differently:
Left Hemisphere (in most)
Right Hemisphere (in most)
Right hand control (body)
Left hand control (body)
Language (ability)
Music & Art
Numeric & Scientific skill
Space & Pattern Perception
Reasoning
Insight
Comparing