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TORTORA FUNKE CASE ninth edition MICROBIOLOGY an introduction 27 Part A Environmental Microbiology PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microbial Diversity Microbes live in a variety of habitats because of their abilities to Use a variety of carbon and energy sources. Grow under different physical conditions. Extremophiles live in extreme pH Temperature Salinity Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mycorrhizae Fungi living in close association with plant roots Extend surface area of roots Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.1 Commercial Uses of Mycorrhizae Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.2 Biogeochemical Cycles Recycling (oxidation and reduction) of chemical elements Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Carbon Cycle Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.3 The Nitrogen Cycle Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.4 Nitrogen Cycle Proteins and waste products Microbial ammonification Amino acids (–NH2) Ammonium ion (NH4 Nitrite ion (NO2 -) Nitrate ion (NO3 N2 -) Nitrogen - fixation Microbial decomposition +) Nitrosomonas Nitrobacter Pseudmonas Ammonia (NH3) Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ammonia (NH3) Nitrite ion (NO2- ) Nitrate ion (NO3- ) N2 Amino acids Formation of a Root Nodule Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.5 The Sulfur Cycle Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.7 Sulfur Cycle Proteins and waste products Amino acids (–SH) Thiobacillus H2S SO4 2– Microbial decomposition Microbial dissimilation H2S SO42– (for energy) Microbial & plant assimilation Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Amino acids Amino acids Life without Sunshine Primary producers in most ecosystems are photoautotrophs. Provides energy for bacteria which may be used to fix CO2 CO2 Calvin Cycle Sugars Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Provides carbon for cell growth Figure 5.24b (1 of 2) Life without Sunshine Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings UN 6.1 Life without Sunshine Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria. H2S SO42– Provides energy for bacteria which may be used to fix CO2 CO2 Calvin Cycle Sugars Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Provides carbon for cell growth Figure 5.24b (2 of 2) The Phosphorous Cycle Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings UN 27.5 Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals Natural organic matter is easily degraded by microbes. Xenobiotics are resistant to degradation. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Decomposition by Microbes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.8 Decomposition by Microbes Bioremediation: Use of microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants; enhanced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Bioaugmentation: Addition of specific microbes to degrade of pollutant. Composting: Arranging organic waste to promote microbial degradation. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.9 Decomposition by Microbes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 27.10