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Asexual Reproduction Pg 364-367 Introduction Mitosis is the basis for reproduction by one parent asexual reproduction Common in microorganisms, plants, fungi, and some animals All offspring identical to parents (including DNA) and each other called clones Budding and Binary Fission Budding: offspring begins as growth (bud) on parent When it can survive on its own, the bud detaches Unequal division of parent organism Eg: yeast, hydra Yeast Hydra Binary Fission Organism divides into two equal cells Parent is lost in the process DNA copied, cells divide What process is this similar to? Eg: bacteria and protists Asexual reproduction by binary fission New individuals (Paramecium) Amoeba binary fission •A single bacteria cell can reproduce every 20 minutes •Over a 12 hour period a single bacterium can produce 10 million copies of itself Which of the following is Budding? Which of the following is Binary Fission? DRAW THE ANSWERS !! Fragmentation Fragments of the parent break off and grow into new individuals Can occur by accident or purposely Eg: planaria Regeneration Re-growing a lost body part or limb Usually occurs only if central part of body is intact Eg: salamanders, starfish, crabs Spore formation Parent produces spores, which often have protective covering When conditions are good, they develop into new organism Eg: plants, algae Asexual reproduction in plants Grafting Used to propagate a desired variety of shrub or tree Take a scion (twig) and insert into stock (cut stump) Eg: all apple trees Vegetative reproduction Runners: plant sends out aboveground stems New plant grows at end of runner Eg: strawberry plants Vegetative reproduction Other plants produce thickened underground stems Rhizomes, bulbs, tubers (storage) Eg: asparagus, tulips, ginger Vegetative reproduction Leaves can also form new plants Eg: jade plant Some plants use roots for asexual repro Eg: aspen trees, dandelions Outcomes of asexual repro Genetically identical offspring = clones When is asexual reproduction beneficial? -when a organism must reproduce quickly -when the environment is unchanging -when a mate is hard to find What happens when the environment is not predictable? Homework Review 16.2 #1-7 Read pages 367-372…tomorrow’s topic