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HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
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Biological Changes
(BIO EVOLUTION)
Universe
10 bya
Origin of
the
Earth/
Solar
System
Origin of
Life on
Earth
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3.5 Bya
4.6 Bya
1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.
Bya = Billion years ago
Biodiversity
On
Earth
3.5 Billion Years Ago
Bitter Springs
Chert (in Red)
 Oldest known life
 Prokaryotic cell
 No nucleus
 Resembles Cyanobacteria from today
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/bittersprings.html
Ancient Fossil Bacteria : Pictured above are two kinds cyanobacteria from the Bitter Springs Chert.
On the left is a colonial chroococcalean form, probably Myxococcoides minor, and on the right is the filamentous Palaeolyngbya.
1 BYA-1.8 BYA
 First Eukaryotic Cells
 1 BYA
 Fossils with preserved nuclei
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/eukaryotafr.html
600-560 MYA
 Formation of the Ozone Layer
 Cyanobacteria now producing much of the world’s
Oxygen (O2).
 UV rays hit oxygen and cause formation of Ozone (O3).
 Now that Ozone is blocking UV rays…Life can move
onto land
http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/ozone.htm#form
3.5 Bya
1 Bya
Today
560 MYA
Ozone Layer Forms
1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.
When did Humans come
along?
 Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)
first appears ~1.8 MYA (MILLION not
Billion)
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3.5 Bya
1 Bya
Today
560 MYA
Ozone Layer Forms
1.8 MYA
Homo
sapien
1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.
Classification
 All living and extinct organisms are organized
into units called TAXONS
 6 Kingdom Classification:
 Bacteria
 Archaea
 Protists
 Plants
 Fungi
 Animals (Invertebrates and Vertebrates)
Classification — (Linneaus System)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Taxonomic
unit/ Taxon
Bacteria and Archaea
 Are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus)
 Primitive (simple)
 Archaea live in extreme conditions (ex: in
lava flows, ice)
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Archaea in
deep sea
vent!
Protists
 Are unicellular or multicellular
eukaryotes (with nucleus)
 Includes amoeba, algae (kelp)
Volvox
Amoeba
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Plants
 Are multicellular Eukaryotes
(with nucleus)
 Can Photosythesize
(autotrophs)
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Amoeba
Fungi
 Are multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus)
 Absorb nutrients from the surrounding
(heterotroph)
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Animals
 Eukaryotes and heterotrophs
 Invertebrates have no backbone
 Vertebrates have backbone
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Animals
 Invertebrates - can be motile (move) or sessile
(stationary);
 Body symmetry can be present/absent; if present, body
can show radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry;
 Body can be divided
into segments of same
type or different types
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Animals
 Vertebrates - includes fishes, amphibians,
reptiles (includes birds), and mammals
(have mammary or milk glands)
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