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Gingivitis and Dental Hygiene HOSA Members: Pankti, Meera, Sara Rea, and Jaimie What is Gingivitis? ● inflammation of the gums ● a patient with it has red puffy gums that bleed when brushed What causes Gingivitis? Gingivitis is generally caused by poor dental hygiene. A buildup of bacteria and plaque results in the formation of a film on your teeth. Your gums attach to the teeth lower than the gum edges that we see, forming a small space called a sulcus. Food can get trapped in this space and cause a gum infection or gingivitis. When plaque extends below the gum line, infection can occur. Inflammation is the reaction to this bacteria. Smoking and diabetes have been identified as risk factors, especially diabetics with poor metabolic control, a long duration of the disease, and extensive subgingival calculus. Symptoms of Gingivitis There are a multitude of symptoms that suggest the development of gingivitis, including the inflammation of gums. Other symptoms include: ● gum redness ● bleeding while brushing ● receding gum line ● loose teeth ● constant bad breath ● mouth sores Pain isn’t one of the first symptoms of gingivitis. “What’s unique about early gum disease is that it doesn’t cause much discomfort at all,” says Mark Ryder, DMD. He’s chair of the division of periodontology at the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry. “So you really have to pay attention to these other symptoms.” What does lead to? Gingivitis can lead to periodontitis, in which teeth can fall out. It can also lead to heart disease, kidney disease, weight loss, alzheimer's and diabetes. It also increases the risk of a woman giving birth to a premature or low birth weight infant. Statistics of Gingivitis in the United States ● Dental infections are a serious cost burden to the U.S. economy: In 2010, Americans spent an estimated $108 billion for dental services. ● 80% of all adults have gingivitis. How to avoid it? In-Depth From A.D.A.M. Prevention. In addition to regular visits to a dentist, the best prevention for periodontal disease takes place at home. Healthy habits and good oral hygiene, including daily brushing and flossing, are critical in preventing gum disease and maintaining good oral health after periodontal treatment 5 steps that one can take to prevent gingivitis: 1. Brush at least twice a day, everyday, especially every night, for two mins 2. Go see your dentist or hygienist every 6 months 3. Use mouthwashes containing plaque fighting and anti- bacterial ingredients 4. Use anti- cavity and anti-gingivitis toothpastes containing chloride 5. Remember to floss twice a day Trivia Questions 1. a. b. c. d. The number of bacteria in your mouth is closest to the population of which of the following? New York City The United States North America Earth A typical human mouth contains billions of bacteria. If you haven't brushed your teeth lately, you might well have more bacteria in your mouth right now than there are people living on planet Earth. Scientists have identified more than 700 different species of mouth-dwelling microbes. A typical human mouth contains billions of bacteria. If you haven't brushed your teeth lately, you might well have more bacteria in your mouth right now than there are people living on planet Earth. Scientists have identified more than 700 different species of mouth-dwelling microbes. 2.A dog’s mouth is cleaner than a human’s. True or False? There's no basis for concluding that a dog's mouth is "cleaner" than a human's. Both humans and dogs have mouths that are full of bacteria, and both contain roughly the same number of bacteria. And there are more than 100 different germs in dog (and cat) saliva that can make you sick. 3. If you drop food on the floor, it won’t pick up any germs, if you pick it up within 5 seconds. True or False? While it’s true that the longer food is on the floor, the more germs it will pick up, the “5second rule” is arbitrary. Food starts to pick up germs from the moment it hits the floor. You’re better off tossing it and eating something else. 4.Anyone who kisses someone with gum disease, will always get it. True or false? Periodontal disease is not contagious. While bacteria that lead to gum disease can pass through saliva, gum disease typically develops if your teeth and gums aren’t healthy. If your mouth is not healthy, you increase your risk through repeated and prolonged exposure to someone with periodontal disease. The American Dental Association recommends brushing twice a day and flossing daily. 5. If you find yourself without a toothbrush, its a good idea to borrow a friend’s toothbrush. True or false? You should never share a toothbrush with someone else. The CDC advises that "the exchange of body fluids that such sharing would foster places toothbrush sharers at an increased risk for infections." 6. Which of the following items can transfer potentially dangerous microbes between people? a. lipstick b. drinking glasses c. band instruments d. all of the above Don't share such personal items if you want to avoid picking up potentially harmful bacteria, viruses, or other microbes. 7. To protect your toothbrush from harmful germs, you should… a. leave it out in the open air b. store it in a closed container c. soak it in an antibacterial mouthwash d. microwave it for 15 seconds The American Dental Association recommends rinsing your toothbrush with tap water after you use it, then letting it air-dry. Keeping it in a closed container creates an ideal moist environment for the growth of bacteria. According to the ADA, "there is no clinical evidence that soaking a toothbrush in an antibacterial mouth rinse or using a commercially available toothbrush sanitizer has any positive or negative effect on health." And using a dishwasher or a microwave could damage your toothbrush. Experts recommend following similar advice for retainers or other dental devices that you put in your mouth, although additional disinfection with a denture cleanser may be recommended. Ask your dentist about the proper way to care for any particular dental devices that you may be using. 8. To avoid buildup of bacteria the American Dental Association recommends replacing your toothbrush every month. True or false? The American Dental Association recommends replacing your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months, sooner if the bristles are frayed. The ADA’s main reason for replacement is to make sure your toothbrush is in good working order -- not because of bacteria. Although the group acknowledges that "various microorganisms can grow on toothbrushes after use," they maintain that there is "insufficient clinical evidence to support that bacterial growth on toothbrushes will lead to specific adverse oral or systemic health effects." 9. Research has shown a link between gum disease and... a. cardiovascular disease b. diabetes c. alzheimer's disease d. all of the above Harmful bacteria in your mouth can lead to gum disease, which has been linked with a number of other chronic inflammatory diseases throughout the body such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. It was once believed that the bacteria were the culprit. But researchers have begun to believe that the resulting inflammation is the key. 10.Bacteria in your mouth can cause tooth decay by.. a. eating tooth enamel b. excreting acids that we can tooth enamel c. excreting sugars that destroy tooth enamel d. all of the above Harmful bacteria in your mouth can lead to gum disease, which has been linked with a number of other chronic inflammatory diseases throughout the body such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. It was once believed that the bacteria were the culprit. But researchers have begun to believe that the resulting inflammation is the key.